practically no requirements for naturalisation
migration department to attract migrants from Europe
naturalisation restricted to white people
right of asylum enshrined in constitution
residency requirement for naturalisation raised
first immigration decree enshrines open borders policy
assisted migration for european migrants
socio-economic advantages granted to European settlers
expulsion of spanish irregular migrants reinforced
US citizens prohibited to become colonizers
recruitment of British settlers by Wellington
restricted working rights for foreigners
shorter residency requirements for naturalisation
bilateral treaties as basis for freedom of movement
longer residency requirements for naturalisation
extension of land available for settlement
liberal status of foreigners in Spain regulated
emigration possibilities widened to new destinations
health requirements for ships transporting emigrants
state is not granted power to restrict labour migration
foreigners have same socio-economic rights as citizens
provinces created attractive immigration schemes
no access to political rights for foreigners
no rights for migrants in destination municipality
Latin Americans with Hispanic origin have equal rights as Spanish nationals
5 year residency requirement introduced for naturalisation
Immigration key since independence of Canada
Prohibition of entry to certain categories
institutions to regulate settlement of foreigners created
start of assisted passage scheme for Europeans
recruitment of indians for foreign work strictly regulated
criminals and prostitutes prohibited entry
sanctions for people trafficking Asians for labour purpose
right of appeal granted to irregular migrants
immigration committee created to spur European migration
specific categories excluded from immigration
sponsoring of immigration to populate and whiten the country
gradual end of assistance due to eco crisis
measure to prevent specific categories to enter
institutions to regulate settlement of foreigners consolidated
Entry prohibited to workers with contract
recruitment agreement with Hawai to send workers
right of residence granted to foreigners
mandatory registration of chinese introduced
chinese entry ban extended to lawful residents
emigrants and descendants required to register if wishing to keep spanish nationality
ius soli introduced if parents declare will to acquire spanish nationality
practically no requirements introduced for naturalisation
ius soli introduced for children born in France from foreign parents
naturalisation eased for family migrants
recruitment efforts and benefits for Europeans laid down
sanctions for carriers of african or asian migrants
end of facilitated passage for european settlers
automatic naturalisation of all foreigners
Dutch citizenship rules of ius sanguinis
entry ban for specific categories widened
agreement grants japanese migrants equal rights
Prohibiting entry of non-agriculturalist workers
ius sanguinis enshrined as major principle
ius soli possible for those born and raised
spouses and children granted citizenship
Federation lead to federal responsibility for migration
mass deportation of pacific islanders from 1906 on
employer sanctions for pacific islanders
cornerstone of White Australia policy, excluding all non white from immigration
carrier sanctions for irregular migrants
detention and deportation of irregular migrants
preferential treatment for family members
free entry of residents of Cook Island and Niue
Creation of the Commissariat of Emigration
specific regime for associations of foreigners introduced
power to expell any foreigner introduced
entry ban widened to include national security issues
right to assembly removed for foreigners
facilitated naturalisation of second generation (conditional ius soli)
British nationals retained their right to enter and reside in UK
Commonwealth countries, colonies and former colonies
deportation mechanism for criminals and paupers
distribution of competence to Home secretary
Cornerstone of deportation policy and practice
immigration controls introduced at US border
Those transiting through or originating from the US
Recruitment of british agricultural workers
more excluded categories for health reasons
language test for entry of chinese, otherwise ban
control of travel conditions of migrants
Japanese immigration focus changes towards integration and family reunification, less labourers
more control on immigration from Europe through new agency
stricter entry requirements for Japanese
quasi-biometric information required from chinese
prohibition of entry on the basis of race, remained Canadian immigration policy until 1967.
Financial requirement for Asian immigrants
colonialization of Korea leads to increasing immigration of Koreans
Occupation by Japan triggered large emigration
detention of workers possible for disturbing public order
entry ban widened to include political grounds
women granted citizenship through marriage immediately
second generation can apply for citizenship in specific circumstances
emigration to France due to colonisation
prohibition of specific categories of unwanted migrants
prohibition of entry for non-white people
entry of illiterate europeans allowed despite prohibition
entry of mine workers allowed despite prohibition
entry of family members allowed despite prohibition
internal movement prohibited for black people
enemy nations, including Germany, Austria, and Hungary
Surveillance of enemy nationals on the territory
creation of immigration authorities and registers
deportation mechanism for enemy foreigners
family reunification for those married according to any religion
residency requirement of 10 years introduced
residency requirement of 5 years introduced for spouses of spanish women
residency requirement of 5 years introduced for investors and entrepreneurs
labour recruitment from china for armament industry
Removed voting rights to enemy nationals
speaking a language or previously citizen of an enemy nation, including Germany, Austria, and Hungary
introduction of passport and visa requirements for all
immigration control introduced, no free mobility anymore
rules to prevent poor and undocumented migrants
Entry prohibited to illiterate, literacy test introduced
Independence from Russia triggers immigration flows
foreigners cannot invest in Mexican land anymore
social rights of foreigners consolidated
right to immigrate laid down in constitution
removal of Austrian citizenship from citizens of the former monarchy
multiculturalism introduced from beginning on
immigration of russian political activists
immediate naturalisation possible for workers and peasants
asylum granted to politically oppressed, ideologically based definition
countries that had fought against Canada during the war
entry ban on specific categories and nationalities
first immigration decree creates entry and stay permits
creation of Icelandic citizenship, but principles remain in place
deportation mechanism for aliens detrimental to public good
Introduction of residency requirements for naturalisation
people of British or Irish birth or descent
immigration control for nearly all nationalities
residents of Petsame can choose btw Russian and Finnish citizenship
Trianon treaty and the new geography of Hungary leads to resettlement
emigration patterns respond to migration policies of destination countries
first nation-wide rules on employment of foreigners
confiscation of possessions of emigrants if no immediate return
detention of foreigners without passport possible without warrant
expulsion of foreigners without passport
shared costs for migration from britain to AUS
First international conference on emigration
introduction of national immigration quotas for eastern hemisphere
Preferential treatment for high skilled, no quota
Preferential treatment for relatives within quota
expulsion of foreigners leading undesired way of life
stricter exit controls through passport policy
regulation for transportation of emigrants
fund created to support returning and destitute migrants
activities for emigrants abroad developed
more staff and control over migrants before and after departure
visa requirements repealed for some european countries
regulation of exit conditions for citizens
prohibition of entry for Jewish Eastern Europeans
emigration of agricultural workers regulated
no immigration controls between UK and Ireland
resettlement of ethnic greeks from turkey to greece (population exchange)
resettlement of ethnic turks from greece to turkey (population exchange)
Quota removed for relatives of US citizens
western hemisphere exempted from quota, no change
Entry prohibited to aliens ineligible for citizenship
Skilled migrants exempted from quota, open entry
International students exempted from quota, open entry
Preferential treatment of extended family members within quota
Preferential treatment of agricultural workers within quota
emigration of national minorities favoured
emigration of national elements restricted
conditions for getting citizenship: ius sanguinis
passports were made invalid and difficult eligibility criteria installed
work permit restricted to declared profession
women get independent citizenship right if living in Iceland
sanction for exit of Mexican workers without permission
surveillance and tracking of of foreigners introduced
loss of citizenship for Finns abroad and their descendents
very restrictive working rules for foreigners
more arbitrary setting of fees for appeal
citizenship through marriage only for foreign women
automatic NZ citizenship to British subjects
unified citizenship rule based on ius sanguinis
non-slavs can opt out of Yugoslav citizenship if they emigrate
first immigration law - but not really applied due to low immigration
multicausal decline in immigration for the next decades
citizens of Denmark, Sweden and Norway can travel with travel cards instead of passports
citizens of Estonia can travel with travel cards instead of passports
stringent rules to be granted exit permit
sanction for illegal emigration and its support
requirement of prealable work and entry permit introduced
deportation of several hundred thousands back to Mexico
consultative council on migration created
repatriation of Mexicans by the US due to 1929 crisis
quota introduced for certain countries to reduce Jewish immigration
suspension of all immigration for one year
Halted immigration from all non-white countries
Immigration still allowed for white workers
Britain, Ireland, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa
prohibited immigration from non-British europeans
exception: skilled or rich european migrants
Creation of work permit system for foreigners
reduced residency requirement for ibero-american countries
Ibero-American countries and Spanish protectorate in Morocco
emigrants and descendents not required to register anymore
First immigration law to establish stay permits, implemented 1934
first immigration law to establish work permits, implemented 1934
head tax introduced on migrants who did not plan to work
certain professions closed to foreigners
closure of the Department of Immigration
introduced maximum quota of foreign workers per firm
internal passport system created for urban population
rural population not allowed to change residence
work contract becomes requirement for entry
foreigners forbidden to work as lawyers or doctors
citizenship revoked for specific groups of people, i.e. jews
citizenship granted to ehtnic germans living in annexed territories
ethnic Germans in territories annexed by the German Reich
specific mechanism to attract workers to the north
entry of illiterate europeans prohibited
open settlement for people of turkish descent
access to citizenship for persons of turkish descent and culture if the settle in Turkey
introduction of work permits for employers
First immigration law to establish stay permits
first immigration law to establish work permits
reintegration measures for returnees expelled from the US
longer residency and language requirement for naturalisation
responsibility of the state to govern immigration
no prolongation of work permits for professions with employment
residence permit required for legal stay
labour market test for foreign workers introduecd
Ratification of Convention on Political Asylum
stricter entry permit requirements, security for repatriation
agreement with Denmark to spur migration
agreement on agricultural workers with Switzerland
no judicial review of immigration decisions possible
mine workers have practically no access to permanent residency
detention of irregular migrants expanded
series of laws that reduce rights of foreigners and introduce more control and sanctions
residence permit required for legal stay for refugees as well
stay only allowed for those who are worth of german hospitality
resettlement agreement with Turkey, not implemented
entry of non-agricultural workers prohibited
creation of colonisation and immigration council
selectivity and arbitrary entry right of government remains
immigration control reintroduced between UK and Ireland
visa requirement for nearly all countries introduced
restrictions on rights to property  for foreigners
all migrants can be expelled if ordered by a state official
Czechoslovakia under German rule 1939-1945
labour agreements with other fascist states
Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Spain, Holland and Yugoslavia
Employers and house renters required to report aliens
sanctions if non comploance to registration
internment of foreign men for forced labour
sanction for hiring workers for work abroad
facilitating entry to prostitutes and other exploitation forbidden
draft immigration bill to deal with post-war migrants, not enacted
new (German) system of employment and work permits
introduction of aptitude test for naturalisation
lower residency requirement for naturalisation
suspension of issuing temporary and permanent visas
start of Bracero program, recruitment of mexican workers
all laws of the Vichy regime are abolished
complete independence of Iceland from Denmark
Creation of the Maritime and Air Border Police
first migration programme with target of 1% of population per year
independence of indonesia lef to immigration wave
French nationality also transmitted by women
change in naturalisation requirements and procedure
creation of stay permits and definition of foreigner
creation of National Immigration Office to organize recruitment
family reunification of US armed forces exempted from quota
no penalty for irregular entry of relatives of US armed forces
right to vote removed from korean and taiwanese
population movements immediately resulting from the end of WWII
resettlement of former polish citizens from Soviet Union to Poland
very strict passport policy made exit from Poland difficult
sophisticated border control to prevent emigration of citizens
citizenship revoked from ethnic germans and hungarians
Those transiting through or originating from Poland
End of WWII and mass movements to Germany
admission criteria need to take into account ethnic composition of population and primacy of national workers
importance of trade unions in state recruitment policy
Eastern European refugees from the Displaced Persons camps in Germany and Austria
refugee wave and naturalisation as consequence of WWII
Report shaping immigration policy of next decades, focus of white migration
Family reunification allowed for all recruited workers
right of vote in workers council after five years
chinese spouses allowed to enter within quota
Establishment of the Norwegian Refugee Council
hungarians from Czechoslovakia resettled to HU
ethnic Hungarians in Transylvania, Yugoslavia, Soviet Union
Those transiting through or originating from Romania
eased naturalisation for ethnic slave migrants
Ethnic Czechs, Slovaks and Slave nations
facilitated entry for skilled workers from Europe
Creation of Canadian citizenship, ius soli and ius sanguinis
Preference for the British, French and Americans remained
Resettlement of polish soldiers and refugees
right to vote in works council granted to foreigners, but no right to be elected
Recruitment of European refugees for labour purpose, begin of active immigration policy
non-european business men allowed to stay after long time
new assisted passage scheme for mainly British workers
British citizens ‘of European race and colour’
free movement between France and Algeria
registration cards for foreigners compulsory
citizenship granted to some previously Italian ethinc Slavs
literature conflict about whether restrictive policy changed after 1947
agreement with Italy on entry of agricultural workers
eased entry permit requirements, no security for repatriation required
incentives for emigrant workers to return
independence from UK leads to massive population movements
resettlement programme for European refugees
specific deportation process for non-british migrants
naturalisation only possible for certain nationalities
United Kingdom and Colonies, Canada, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, Newfoundland, India, Pakistan, Southern Rhodesia and Ceylon
Migration agreement between Spain and Argentina
access to permanent residency restricted
access to family reunification restricted
Refugee protection for Nazi victims in Europe
family reunification for relatives of nazi victims
palestinian refugees as result of israels war of independence
registration of hungarians abroad introduced
communists seize power, leads to exit wave
very restrictive rules for travel of citizens
ius sanguinis laid down in nationality act
agreement with Spain on entry of high skilled
retention of concept of british subjects
naturalisation procedure reinstalled as in 1925
deportation of persons arrived during WWII without approved immigrant status
GDR and FRG were founded, triggering mass movements
work permit issuing linked to labour market demand
Language courses for new immigrants created
service to centralize employment of moroccans abroad
resettlement of jews and germans allowed
deprivation of citizenship for emigration possible
German Democratic Republic DDR, Aussiedler from Romania and Poland
first unitary immigration law of the Republic of Korea
creation of National Migration Directorate
irregular migrants excluded from access to rights
controller card introduced to track migrants
Sanction for helping irregular migrants to enter
houselords and hotels to check legal status of foreigners
emigration wave after establishment of PRC
ius sanguinis laid down as general principle for citizenship
naturalisation by registration for commonwealth citizens
naturalisation after five years permanent residence
Department of Citizenship and Immigration created
women given independent citizenship status
residency requirement for citizenship increased
Reduction of immigration due to economic situation
Assisted Passage extended to Dutch skilled migrants
family reunification of US army forces allowed without cap
longer residency requirement for citizenship
eased naturalisation for nordic citizens
woman gets independent citizenship status
second generation immigrants granted citizenship
encouraging permanent migration from jews and their families
Korean War triggered immigration wave from North Korea
redistribution of graduates across the USSR
Recommendation for more open immigration policy
inscribed the Bracero programme into public law and extended it for 2 years
gave native workers precedence over recruited foreign workers
refugees granted same rights as citizens
established entry and stay rules for foreigners
immediate naturalisation of polish repatriates
slightly less restrictive access to work permits
access to permanent residency for workers
hukou system created for urban population
Continuation of prohibition of specific categories
UK, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, France and USA
creation of ECSC leading to EU construction
creation of OFPRA, office to deal with refugees
continental quotas installed (not only hemisphere)
Consolidated preference of high skilled and their families within quota
Consolidated preferences of family members within quota
defines specific categories of deportable aliens
Introduction of entry visa for high skilled
Introduction of entry visa for temporary (non-immigrant) worker
no passport required anymore from citizens of SE, DK and FI
readmission agreement with SE, DK and FI
Those transiting through or originating from Denmark, Sweden or Finland
no passport required anymore from citizens of SE, DK and NO
readmission agreement with SE, DK and NO
Those transiting through or originating from  Denmark, Sweden or Norway
no passport required anymore from citizens of NO, SE and FI
citizenship granted to those residing in Israel in 1952
citizenship granted automatically to jews and their families
work permit for migrants only on temporary basis
no right to permanent residency for temporary workers
citizenship retrieved from Koreans and Taiwanese
taiwanese and koreans entered before occupation can stay
migration agency moved to ministry of justice
entry of US troops exempted from Japanese immigration regulations
political rationale behind asylum definition
naturalisation conditioned on acquiring Icelandic name
black required to carry reference books for identification
immigration control lifted between UK and Ireland
external affairs memorandum confirming race-oriented policy
ratification of geneva convention and creation of refugee status
new imimgration department to manage european migration
free movement of workers with DK, FI, NO and Iceland
free movement of Swedish workers in other Nordic countries
USA, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland
only refugees from Europe can apply for asylum in Italy
Geneva convention adopted, non-european refugees excluded
register requirement reintroduced for third generation migrants
automatic citizenship for third generation of foreigners living in Spain
residency requirement for spouses of spanish women reduced
free movement of workers with DK, FI , Iceland and SE
free movement of Norwegian workers in other Nordic countries
free movement of workers with DK, NO, Iceland and SE
free movement of Finnish workers in other Nordic countries
free movement of workers with FI, NO, Iceland and SE
free movement of Danish workers in other Nordic countries
infiltrators published with 5 years imprisonment
Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Saudi-Arabia, Jordan, Iraq,  Yemen, Palestine
prison sanction for helping infiltrators
expulsion of migrants giving birth in Israel
free movement of Icelandic workers in DK, NO, FI and SE
Those transiting through or originating from Danemark
Those transiting through or originating from Sweden
Immigration of Dutch allowed outside of the assisted migration programme
facilitated recruitment of foreign workers
ethnic reasons for citizenship withdrawal
Geneva convention as basis for CH refugee policy
fingerprinting introduced for all foreigners
equal access to social system for nordic migrants
clearer rules for naturalisation, in general after 10 years
nordic citizens can be naturalised after 5 years
family members can be naturalised after 3 years
Those transiting through or originating from Norway
collective naturalisations of nazi regime abolished
Those collectively naturalised between 1938 and 1945
family register extended to rural areas (hukou system)
Emigration restricted dramatically and sanctions for irregular exit introduced
citizenship after twelve years residency
citizenship by registration for spouses after five years
citizenship by registration for diaspora members after five years
family reunification programme for eastern europeans
Migration agreement between Spain and the Dominican Republic
Creation of the Spanish Institute of Emigration
Italy suspends the labour agreement and Beligum turns towards other destinations
a posteriori regularisation allowed on basis of work contract
creation of housing for algerian workers
ius sanguinis for those born of an irish parent
impact of polish october on emigration of family members
Social Partnership established, major player in immigration policy
access to citizenship for long term non europeans
legal foreigners have same rights as citizens
stricter criteria for refugee determination
family reunification programme for italians
equality of men and women in nationality law
Ratification of Convention on Diplomatic Asylum
entry permit automatically granted to family
surveillance of carriers to control irregular migration
better access to social services for british
creation of the Social action fund for algerian workers
new aliens decree unifies legislations, but without changes
ius sanguinies enshrined, paternal descent only
agreement with paraguay on seasonal workers
labour mobility restriction of rural population
introduction of work permit requirements
employer required to report on foreign workers
ius sanguinis a major citizenship principle
unequal access to citizenship for spouses
tax for hiring foreign workers introduced
immigration not anymore racially discriminating
no guest worker policy, but recruitment with direct integration
principles of assisted emigration laid down
Migration agreement between Spain and Brazil
no implementation of the 1930 law, in practice many workers arrived as tourists
free circulation for Madagascar, Segenal, Mali, Congo, Gabon, Central Africa and Tchad
Madagascar, Segenal, Mali, Congo, Gabon, Central Africa and Tchad
socialist definition of asylum introduced
agreement with Spain to spur immigration
agreement establishes quota for facilitated labour migration, start of recruitment policy
introduction of immigration control for British and Irish on paper
Migration agreement between Spain and Chile
family reunification for Spanish in the NL after three years allowed
reduction of waiting time for family migrants
family reunification for EEC citizens after 1 year
family reunification for Spanish after three years allowed
border control transferred to ministry of justice
agreement with Japan for high skilled migration
eased entry for Europeans living in Africa
naturalisation by registration for commonwealth citizens cancelled
regularisation of chinese irregular migrants
racial criteria dismissed in immigration decisions
skills criteria introduced in immigration decisions
resettlements of families from Hong Kong
immigration control introduced for Commonwealth citizens
Development Plan kicks off emigration agreements and policy
Geneva convention adopted for european refugees
creation of working group for recruitment policy
family reunification waiting time abolished for specific categories
emigration law enacted to encourage emigration
special categories forbidden to emigrate
amnesty of irregular Yugoslav workers abroad
introduction of border control with Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland
british have no special treatment anymore
citizenship withdrawn from those with dual nationality
extension of definition of foreigner, entered into force in 1967
Those with parents who are citizens of a state at war
family reunification waiting time abolished for additional categories
voting right in national election for foreigners after 6 months
ceiling to recruit foreign workers established for each firm
new aliens act created visa requirement to enter and stay in Poland
organisation of emigration of temporary workers
strict control on entry of communists and citizens from communist countries
detention and expulsion removed from judicial control
Tibetan refugees not granted status anymore
all nationalities except UK, Ireland and CAN were required to hold entry permit
legal guarantees added to deportation procedure
family reunification waiting time reduced for italians in CH
Those transiting through or originating from France
Regularisation of Spanish spouses already in NL
citizenship law changed to introduce independent status of married woman
eased recruitment of foreign workers for employers
work permit obligation introduced for employees
widening of housing and funding for foreign workers beyond algerians
family reunification waiting time reduced for italians
status change residency requirements reduced for italians
integration measures for foreign workers
agreement with France on entry of agricultural workers from north africa
agreement with Bolivia on seasonal workers
third front plan and resettlement of citizens
end of policies to attract foreign migrants by military dictatorship
push for anti-immigration legislation despite high need for labour
racial discrimination forbidden in public places
Readmission agreement with BE, LX and NL, TU
Those transiting through or originating from Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands or Tunisia
Migration agreement between Spain and Paraguay
Those transiting through or originating from Austria
financial support for family reunification
recruitment advertising through social system
Regularisation of  spouses of labour migrants already in NL
reduction of foreign workers started, residence permit not any more automatic with work contract
popular initiative to reduce immigration fail, but have impact on future policies
replaced national quota with overall quota
retained total quota and country ceilings for eastern hemisphere
introduced total quota for western hemisphere, but no per-country ceiling
introduction of non-immigrant temporary work visas
change in preferential system away from skills
change in preferential system towards family reunification
refugees recognized as 7th preference category, exempted from quota
access to permanent residency for Korean citizens
emigration as education strategy for citizens
teachers and imams sent abroad to educate diaspora
free access to labour market for Senegalese
carriers required to check travel status of passengers
entry forbidden to those who affect the interests of FGR
economic reform restructes emigration trends
family members can apply for permanent residence
workers have access to permanent residency
permanent residency permit created for refugees
commission to study exit of argentinian skilled workers
border industrialisation programme to retain emigrants
labour recruitment agreement with Mozambique
White paper favours skills-based migration
creation of appeal board for racial discrimination complaints
New assisted passage scheme for european guestworkers
lower requirements for non-European immigrants
lower requirements for naturalisation of non-European immigrants
Those transiting through or originating from Germany
family reunification waiting time reduced for Greek, Portuguese and Turks
Creation of Directory for Population and Migration
residency given to cuban already in the US
free access to labour market for Tunisians
Those transiting through or originating from Benelux countries
Introduction of points system evaluating labour market demand and skills, real end of White Canada policy
New sponsored dependants immigration class created
New nominated realtives immigration class created
Family reunification for independent immigrants
Appeal procedure created for entry of family members
Appeal procedure created for deportation decisions
Seasonal worker agreement with Trinidad and Tobago
Manpower and immigration Council created
Those transiting through or originating from Benelux
stricter application of work permit regulations
right of appeal granted for foreigners law
residency given to foreginers after 5 year stay
residency given to children of migrants after 1 year stay
asylum procedure greated on basis of Geneva convention
Abolishment of the on-the-spot regularisation of foreign workers
employers have to finance immigrant housing
labour recruitment agreement with Malawi
new, albeit discretionary, possibility to get permanent residence
introduction of reasons for not issuing passports to its citizens
skilled and high-skilled can get temporary work visa
only seasonal workers get temporary work visa in low-skilled category
racial discrimination forbidden in housing, employment or public services
extension of immigration control for former colonies
family reunification for European workers
eased working rights for spouses of spaniards
tax for hiring foreign workers abolished
right to asylum more turned into may clause
regularisation of unskilled workers stopped
Portuguese still eligible for regularisation
status of Algerians in France determined, excludes them from common foreign law (still valid)
naturalisation of thosed having served in the army
eased naturalisation for children of foreigners
shorter residence requirement for Nordic citizens naturalisation
second generation immigrants granted citizenship easier
eased permanent residency for Nordic citizens
eased access to citizenship for Nordic citizens
naturalisation reintroduced with strict criteria
Change in integration responsible bodies
in-kind reception centers for new immigrants
emigration as strategy to fight unemployment
rustication movement and resettlement of citizens
self employed now also need a work permit
work permit scheme for low skilled workers from Fiji
workers from the hispanic world and the philippines enjoyed equal treatment as workers in Spain
Portugal, Brazil, Andorra, Philipines as well as hispanic Americans
workers from the hispanic world and the philippines do not need a work permit
measures enacted to stop the awarding of work permits
white paper favours free labour migration
Those entering Israel through an enemy state
czech and slovak citizenships created within the czechoslovak citizenship
expulsion of irregular migrants enshrined
expulsion of irregulars is responsibility of carriers
naturalisation possible after 1 year for family members
naturalisation possible after 2 years for skilled migrants
naturalisation possible after 3 years for investors
family reunification waiting time reduced for Moroccans and yugoslavs
Commission for Foreigners created to lower tensions
family reunification for temporary high skilled
creation of visa for intra-company tranferees
Adjustment of status available for temporary skilled workers
Adjustment of status available for Eastern Hemisphere migrants
temporary labour migration system created
family members of Jews also included in law of return
recruitment agreement with Benelux countries
cultural information centers and activities created abroad
protection of workers abroad strenghtened through various actions
sub-nationality introduced for black populations in the homelands
strict requirements on recruitment of indonesian workers introduced
no work permit needed for Brazilian immigrants
no work permit needed for Portuguese emigrants in Brazil
quasi-citizenship status for Brazilian immigrants
immigration control extended to all nationalities
right of abode retained for UK citizens and some Commonwealth citizens
pro-Asian shift in immigration policy discourse
extension of social protection of Spanish workers abroad
foreigners can be elected in the works council
fidelity prime introduced to spur remittances
new special permit for guest workers after five years
agreement with Chile on seasonal workers
refugee wave from Pakistan during creation of Bangladesh
no work permit needed for Portuguese immigrants
agreement with Argentina on seasonal workers
union decides to reject nberaly all applications for foreign workers
Directorate for workers abroad established
Overhaul of immigration policy due to governmental change, end of White Australia Policy
integration facilitation measures for returning workers
Visa free circulation with Czechoslovakia
Visa free circulation with Czechoslovakia abolished
deportation of irregular migrants allowed
right to vote and be elected to workers council granted to all workers
shorter family reunification waiting period
foreign workers need to be sponsored by employer
immigration service created for integration measures
Those from countries with recruitment agreements
incentives to attract remittances created
right to be represented by a lawyer in court
less judicial control on immigration decisions
Temporary work visa created to alleviate labour shortages
Simplification of appeal procedures for irregular migrants
no right of appeal for immigrant and visitor visa holders
employment service to prepare finnish workers to swedish labour market
language courses provided for migrant workers during paid leave
Change in Turkish emigration strategy due to crisis
removal of race in immigration decisions
precursor of PBS through a two part assessment of immigrants
Automatic access to social benefits for NZ
Automatic access to social benefits for AUS
passport stamp to signal no right to work
Algerian government stops emigration to France
facilitated access to temporary residence permits
more work permits granted to foreigners in greece
transitional restriction on free movement of workers within EU
very important return wave of unemployed foreigners
employment service to prepare swedish workers to finnish labour market
stopping emigration as primary policy aim
Oil crisis leads to family reunficiation instead of labour migrants
creation of amicales to control moroccan diaspora
recruitment stop (de facto only restriction)
Turkey program to reintegrate industry workers
return discourse appears at highest level
labour recruitment agreement with Lesotho
labour recruitment agreement with Botswana
military coup and regime turns Chile into emigration country
Regularisation of people from former colonies
right to vote in works council - no change for foreigners
new immigration system with four categories
specific nationalities exempted from entry requirements
end of preferential treatment of UK, CAN and Irish Citizens
migration balance shifts from emigration to immigration
creation of office to assist return of Spanish workers
created rather liberal rules for entry into Spain
migration balance changes, effect of oil crisis
New refugee status for those who cannot be expelled
Governmental memorandum  advocates voluntary return policy
programme of action for immigration policy
end of preferential treatment of African countries, assimilation into general stay permit system
Senegal, Central Africa, Congo, Dahome, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Mali, Nigeria, Tchad, Togo, Volta, Gabon, Guinea, Cameroun
France failure to agree on return of Algerians with government
reintegration programme for moroccans in the NL initiatiated
government aims at max 12% immigrant residents in towns
internal passport system extended to villagers, now allowed to move
internal passport system extended to villagers, now also registeres
regularisation of people fleeing from military dictatorships in neighbouring countries
commission to foster return of argentinians
consolidated permanent residency after 5 years
exit requirements reinforced for emigrant workers
sanction for irregular entry and stay introduced
foreigners need permission to acquire property
restriction of work access for foreigners
Green paper recommends to focus on settlement
independence of colonies spurrs return wave
creation of Secretariat of State for Repatriates
Account system for emigrant workers created
restrictive changes to citizenship law away from ius soli
Emigration wave to Brazil of high qualified
equal access to social system for migrants
freedom of choice supported concerning integration
active and passive voting rights in municipal and provincial elections granted to foreigners
Advisory Council on Immigrant Affairs created
bank created to encourage investments by diaspora
strict regulation of employment permits and primacy of natives
Surinamese independence led to increased migration
Surinamese granted free mobility and settlement rights
unemployment benefits extended to foreign workers
free repatriation for unemployed foreigners
extension of work permit for those whose cards expire while unemployed
foreigners allowed to be trade union delegates
procedure to give family members access to work
quota for foreign workers stabilized at a certain level for the next 15 years
financial and resettlement assistance to indochinese refugees
financial and resettlement assistance to vietnamese and cambodian refugees
high skilled officials banned from emigration
labour recruitment agreement with Swaziland
new migration law - overhaul of system, still in force today
criminals and ill people forbidden entry
registration requirement for foreigners consolidated
requirement for employer to notify the employment of foreigners
landlords required to check legal status of migrants
possibility to appeal expulsion order reduced
employment-based residence visa introduced with strict rules
temporary resident permit for high-skilled workers
temporary resident permit for family members with criteria introduced
Seasonal workers program with Carribian states
equal social and judicial rights for foreigners
entry stop for turkish assyrian refugees
improved definition of racial discrimination
creation of the Commission for Racial Equality
Fund to foster company creation of Turkish migrants
Report triggering creation of a real refugee policy
regularisation of pacific islander workers
new grounds for withdrawing residency permit introduced
family reunification  as right to all immigrants
provisional work permit introduced for young family migrants
country quota of 20.000 now applies to both hemispheres
introduces requirement to have job offer for all labour migrants
raised age of US citizen for family reunification
adjustment of status made available for Western Hemisphere immigrants
financial and resettlement assistance extended to refugees from laos
ius soli for second generation replaced by residency requirement
1976 cooperation agreement with EU signed
diasppearance of citizens during military dictatorship
Agreement with Guinea Bissau to regulate migration
start of Australia’s modern approach to refugee settlement
right of appeal facilitated for migration decisions
citizenship procedure streamlined and simplified
priority access to work given to Portuguese spouses
No automatic right to work for family members - dissociation work permit/entry permit confirmed
regularisation no longer possible to issue work permits
return programmes aid for return and training for return for unemployed foreign workers
Spain, Portugal, Yugoslavia, Turkey and others
aid to return is extended to employed foreigners wishing to return
portuguese still eligible for family reunification
specific categories still eligible for family reunification
counter-initiative to ask for more migrant rights
Granting eligilibility to permanent residence to refugees from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
family reunification granted to refugees from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
no residence granted to people entering illegally
visa free treaties cancelled with many countries
national identity cards for moroccan diaspora
12% immigrant residents in towns rule abolished
comprehensive strategy on foreigners, containing access to labour market, integration
comprehensive strategy on foreigners, containing return measures
return programme established with France
employment policy tries to discourage emigration and facilitate return of migrant workers
Overall progressive goals of 1976/1978 immigration act
consolidation of the three immigration classes
labour market test introduced for all economic migrants
creation of humanitarian class and refugee determination procedure
new conditions for sponsored dependants immigration class
new conditions for nominated relatives immigration class
creation of Indochinese Designated Class
creation of East European Self-Exiled Persons Designated Class
creation of Latin American Political Prisoners and Oppressed Persons Designated Class
Visitors now need specific authorisation to work
constitution guarantees rights to emigrants
right to vote for foreigners if agreement
bill for 1980 law on immigration proposed
slight restriction of family reunification legislation
family reunification allowed regardless of income
Removal of the hemispheric division, one global quota with the country limit of 20.000
Removed reasons for revokation of citizenship
stay permit to those indochinese refugees landed in Japan
1976 cooperation agreement with EU entered into force
appeal possibilities for asylum seekers reduced
quicker access to permanent residence permit
eased access to labour market for family migrants
law regulating cooperation with receiving countries on return
agreement with Bolivia on seasonal workers consolidated
Economic opening leads to increasing emigration flows
sanctions for those housing irregular migrants introduced
transitional restriction on free movement of workers within EU levied
Agreement with Sao Tomé to regulate migration
change in direction of clandestine out migration
dual citizenship in exceptional cases granted
law of Islam revitalized and official islamic community recognized
Migration agreement between Spain and Venezuela
collaboration with DE on courses for Spanish returning workers
collaboration with CH on courses for Spanish returning workers
foreigners granted same rights as natives
work permit for family members restricted
bill presented to grant immigrants municipal voting rights
Islamic faith is an optional subject in school
expulsion of second generation migrants more difficult
first formal recognition that immigration is permanent
independent residency rights for spouses after 3 years
Creation of department on minority policies
equal rights for men and women in alien law
withdrawal of the work permit requirement for workers
reintroduction of the employer permit requirement for employers
quota of foreign workers within each enterprise according to labout market situation
permanent residency after three years employment
report advising to start integration policy
Report acknowledges  need for integration policies
Culture and Immigration Commission created
resettlement programme for Vietnamese boat people
commission to study entire US immigration policy, report influential in future policies
Nordic citizens can vote in municipal and county electoral.
refugee resettlement programme with quota set
integration structure for indochinese refugees
agreement with vietnam on professional training
report on the integration of second generation migrants
reintegration programmes for Spanish citizens
reintegration agreement for Greek workers
return project for rejected asylum seekers, temporary refugees and irregular migrants
eased registration in employment service for workers abroad
carriers have to check status of travellers
Economic opening leads to integration of migrants in China
chinese families granted permission to reunite abroad
new entry for investors or entrepreneurs created
Commission on Immigration Policy established
primary purpose rule introduced to check  marriage entrants
priviledged access for Turkish workers to EU labour market
military coup d'etat and subsequent refugee wave from Turkey
Asian immigration overtakes European one
adjustment of status of temporary migrants
creation of work permit system with strict labour market controls
creation of work permit for high-skilled
citizens from specific countries exempted from work permit
end of visa free travel between DDR and Poland
creation of the C refugee status for humanitarian reasons
expulsion grounds expanded to irregular entry and stay
detention in prison allowed for irregular migrants
grants refugees automatic access to work
Reintegration no longer available to  Central African Rebublic, Chad,  Congo, Togo and Gabon
Central African Rebublic, Chad, the Congo, Togo, Gabon
eased access to annual permit for workers
introduces an annual and geographical quota for resettlement  refugees
anyone in the US, legal and illegal, can request asylum
introduced limit on the number of asylees granted adjustment of status
One time decree to grant refugee status to Cuban and Haitian entrants
Migration Commission starts to deal with immigration issues
pilot project to pay costs of migrant workers
eased citizenship for returned palestinians
new migration destination southern europe
entry of jews through the quota refugee act
guidelines on integration of second generation
no access to work for asylum seekers during first year
increased protection of rights or yugoslav workers abroad
passport theoretically available to high skilled, but practical obstacles high
entry ban for specific categories consolidated
expulsion of irregular migrants consolidated
sanction for forgery of public documents
citizenship for foreigners from non-portuguese speaking countries after four years residency
citizenship for foreigners from portuguese speaking countries after a year residency
citizenship for family members after a year residency
citizenship for skilled workers after two years residency
citizenship for investors after three years residency
ius soli as main principle for acquisition of citizenship
ius sanguinis for children of Chileans abroad
right to vote in Chile after 5 years residency
first discussions about repatriation and M&D policies
Working group on diaspora engagement in development
need to have residence permit before passing the border
no automatic citizenship by birth on British soil anymore
transition period for naturalisation of specific nationalities
right of abode limited to certain categories
exemption from probationary year for relatives of UK citizens
case by case regularisations on humanitarian grounds
Memorandum on minorities policy, start of multicultural society
mandatory temporary residence permit required upon arrival (failed)
foreigners allowed to create legal associations
on the spot regularisation of family members allowed
independent right to work of family members
Exceptional regularisation of irregular workers
employment rights for irregular migrants
repeal of 1932 provisions on the protection of national labour market
expulsion grounds limited and procedural guarantees introduced
ministry for greek citizens abroad created
financial investments of greeks abroad facilitated
social reintegration of greek returnees facilitated
more flexible and less discretionary system did not pass referendum
reduction in funds for migration and refugee assistance
restriction of access to financial assistance for immigrants
eased entry, work and stay rules for students
emigration trends reversed: more emigration to west than to the bloc
exit of Poles restricted through introduction of visa restrictions by most western countries
quicker access to labour market for spouses of foreign workers
discussion on naturalisation facilitation for young
high skilled officials allowed to emigrate
immigration of those who cannot be integrated forbidden
rural to urban internal migration restricted
Ratification of Convention on Territorial asylum
refugee wave from Guatemala, stay permits granted
refugee wave from Guatemala, integration programme established
creation of the National council of Immigration
Labour market test strenghtened for low skilled
Exemption from labour market test for high skilled
visa requirements introduced for Polish citizens
more accountability for immigration decisions
naturalisation of samoans slightly restricted
register requirement removed for third generation migrants
automatic citizenship for third generation of foreigners living in Spain eased
two year rule expanded to Andorra and Equatorial Guinea
eased access for foreigners to trade union administration
grounds for withdrawing residency permit limited
reduction of family reunification waiting period for recruited workers
residency given to agricultural workers on the Virgin Islands
restriction of access to legal assistance
facillitated entry of children of US citizens born in Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia or Thailand
Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand
Finland and Sweden to strenghten migration cooperation
facilitates naturalisation by counting domicile in a nordic state as equivalent to domicile in Iceland
social benefits for asylum seekers in non-cash form
unfounded asylum claims can be dismissed from the start
recognition of diaspora and returnees in constitution
Nordic common labour market, free mobility to Iceland as well
introduction of student residence permit
islam instruction started in public schools
men and women now equal in passing on citizenship to spouses and children
income requirement for family reunification of second generation
resettlement refugees have equal socio-economic rights as citizens
immediate access to work permit for resettlement refugees
right to return and naturalisation for Pontic greeks
easier naturalisation for youth rejected in referendum
low-skilled workers from third countries not granted work and residence permits
EU and Nordic citizens still allowed to enter for work
residence permits for refugees introduced
residence permits for de facto refugees introduced
Return scheme with financial incentive for unemployed workers from specific nationalities
Korea, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia
interest on foreign currency restricted to those still abroad
economic development plan puts emphasis on returnee's savings
priviledged access to social benefits for returnees
emigration clearance needed for emigration
no emigration clearance needed for specific jobs
no emigration clearance needed for certain countries
stricter regulation of recruitment of indian workers
tribunals created to determine expulsion of irregular migrants
stricter requirements for recruitment agencies
refugee and family reunficiation should be made dependent on the labour market needs
integration programmes for turkish returnees
access to social benefits restricted for certain categories
appeal possibilities restricted in certain cases
possibility to prohibit settlement of foreigners in certain communes
new system on voluntary return for unemployed migrants
introduction of border control document, the dyptique
Creation of National Council for Immigrant Groups
facilitates work access for certain categories of family members
on the spot regularisation of family members prohibited
consolidates the right to family reunification
possibility to classify applications as manifestly unfounded
foreigners eligible to unemployment benefits
Cuban immigration allowed up to normal country quota
measures to foster labour market integration of Finnish workers
right of appeal granted for expulsion decisions
right of appeal granted for immigration  decisions
increasing cross border movements of workers into BE
no need for japanese name anymore when naturalizing
children can have dual nationality until age 22
asylum seekers from Eastern Bloc and Afghanistan granted work permit directly
emigration affairs transferred to ministry of foreign affairs
stricter requirement for naturalisation removed
more flexibility for rural workers to work in urban areas
citizenship withdrawn from those living in the homelands
sanctions for housing irregular migrants raised
Oral hearing required in refugee determination
bill on guidelines of immigration and integration policy
UK becomes a net immigration country mid 80s
work permits introduced for certain nationalities previously exempted
Portugal, Brazil, Andorra, Philipines as well as hispanic Americans, Equatorial Guinea and Germany
strenghtening of sanctions against irregular migrants
distribution of competences among ministries
shorter residency requirement for naturalisation
first voluntary return programme for unemployed workers
local measures to stop arrival of new immigrants
Citizenship for second and third generation
realised equality of men and women in passing on Dutch citizenship
revokation of citizenship to specific categories of double nationals
income requirements for family reunification repealed
residency requirement for vote in local elections as foreigner removed
british are allowed to vote at national level
refugee quota lowered, but still above normal flow
special asylum procedure for manifestly unfounded cases
eased local border crossing with the Soviet Union
low skilled cannot apply for work permit anymore
family members can still apply for work permit
high-skilled can still apply for work permit
investors can still apply for work permit
Geographical limitation removed from refugee definition
CEPARE created to adjudicate asylum claims
identity cards for all residents in China
priviledged investment rules for diaspora
international and international fences buildt
new requirements for refugee determination introduced
legal assistance and judicial review right guaranteed
new investor program within the business class
context on situation of refugees, might be precursor of policy
UK is net importer of high-skilled migrants
the extreme right starts politicizing immigration in the public sphere
new categories for skilled family members
final shift in immigration policy discourse
trial free mobility for pacific islanders
first immigration law voted, but never implemented, very liberal social benefits
overall comment on regularisation policy
EEC nationals exempted from work permit requirement
EEC nationals allowed family reunification
internal resettlement plan for refugees created
stricter family reunification of specific categories of children
demonstrations against increased identity checks
social benefits only for regular migrants
creation of departmental commissions to fight unlawful labour
men can now also aquire citizenship through marriage
waiting period for naturalisation through marriage introduced
regularisation mechanism for hardship cases abolished
family reunification entitlement age reduced
Those originating from or transiting through Mexico
Increased funding for welfare costs related to regularisation
Prevent access to welfare services to undocumented migrants
Access to residency for Haitian and Cuban refugees
Pilot project with lower entry visa restrictions for visitors
restricting full immigrant status to those entering through the marriage channel for 2 years
tightened access for spontaneous asylum seekers
Those transiting through or originating from a safe country
increase of PT migration to LX due to entry into EU of PT
nationality can now be transmitted by mothers as well
eased access to unrestricted work permit for long-term workers
permit required to enter, transit or reside in China
carriers must sumbit passengers list upon entry
entry prohibited to people threatening security
rural workers can work in service and transportation sectors
racial criteria removed from immigration laws
black not required anymore to carry reference books for identification
first attempt to fence border with Bangladesh
Those originating from or transiting through Bangladesh
call for better reception of refugees across the country
Carriers made responsible for checking documentation of traveller
migration policy shifted to ministry of interior
court judgements reduce expulsion powers
race discarded from immigration criteria, replaced by skills
creation of occupcation priority list within skills stream
priority within skills stream given to investors and business people
opening of integration centers for foreigners in several cities
visa requirements established for all countries except EEC and CH
widening of definition of clandestine work
widens the target group of assisted return programmes
measures to foster integration of returnees
quicker asylum procedure with less safeguards
special power in emergency situations to curb inflow of asylum seekers
detention of rejected asylum seekers facilitated
provisional admission status for rejected asylum seekers that cannot be deported
supreme court decision that eases requirements for granting asylum
withdrawal of  restrictive proposal on asylum
admission of vietnamese children of US fathers and their relatives
dual passport system abolished, on passport for whole world
waiting period for work of asylum seekers extended
measures to improve integration of returnees in economy
quota of maximum 15% foreign workforce in each company
Agreement with US on business people mobility
stricter requirements for family reunification of commonwealth citizens
EU nationals need no leave to enter and remain anymore
reintroduction of probationary year for relatives of UK citizens
favoured treatment of second generation migrations
Report triggering skills-oriented change and increase of migration program
first national conference on immigration
second national conference on emigration
priorities within migration policy: integration and law enforcement
visa introduced for numerous countries to stem asylum flow
asylum seekers have to stay in reception centers
majority lowered, family migration limited
visa requirements lifted for Western European countries on a reciproqual basis
Western European countries on a reciprocal basis
work for asylum seekers possible after 3 months only
better access to legal aid for foreigners
Recommendations for skilled migration policy
first immigration body created to deal with wave of refugees
better possibilities for investment in yugoslav economy
rural workers can open their businesses in cities
constitution reiterates rights and obligations of foreigners
Fear within non-EU countries of effect of free movement of people in EU on their own mobility and migration trends
carriers to control status of passengers
Visa introduced for citizens of Turkey and Haiti
visa requirements introduced for Bulgaria as a reaction to massive inflows
access to emergency benefits for refugees and permanent workers
Special visa for refugee woman and children
mandatory expulsion of irregular migrants
Introduction of points system for skilled categories
1000 indo-Chinese refugees accepted over three years
Opening of the borders between East and West Germany
amount of foreigners living in the DDR at the end
Royal Commissioner for immigration policy created to further integration
First report by the Royal Commissioner for Immigration Policy
report recommends language training for new migrants
more control of employers and sanctions for irregular work
guaranteed minimum income also applied for foreigners
Creation of two bodies for the fight against xenophobia
Visa requirements lifted for Canada, US and Japan
suspensive appeal of expulsion decisions possible
impact of USSR end on immigration to Greece
regularisation mechanism for hardship cases created
Eased access to annual permits for ES and PT workers
New immigration reform bill introduced (1991 Act)
Negociations on immigration bill (1991 Act), tension between capping overall levels of immigration (Senate) and allowing the labour market to meet ther labour needs (House)
residency granted to soviet and indochinese rejected refugees
Eased entry of nurses through new non-immigrant category
Deportation of Chinese halted, right to work
non-EU countries worried by free mobility of EU
policy to attract finnish emigrants to return
some secondary political rights granted to foreigners
foreigners allowed to work in public administration
foreigners can get support to study and learm
Direct absorption integration system starts
access to social benefits after one year
visa reintroduced for Bangladesh and Pakistan
bank created to spur emigrants' projects
right to asylum enshrined in constitution
responsibilities for diaspora enshrined in constitution
creation of refugee status for european refugees
no refugee access to non european refugees
citizenship restored to those expatriates who were deprived from it
reasons for denying passports drastically reduced
arbitrary prohibition of entry introduced
Labour migration agreement with Yugoslavia
financial support to Yugoslavia to employ returnees
fall of the Iron Curtain triggers mass movements
Germany introduced visa for Yugoslav citizens
loan from Germany for the employment of returnees
meeting with Yugoslav entrepreneurs and investors to trigger investment
rural workers cannot anymore move to cities easily
facilitating traveling home for emigrants
first phase of fencing border with bangladesh
vocational training for diaspora created
Asylum seekers allowed to work immediately
introduction of the federal maximum stock of foreign workers
creation of the working permit (arbeitserlaubnis)
Stricter requirements for residency of refugees
stricter expulsion of irregular migrants
visa requirements for major sending countries
Algeria, Gambia, Mauretania, Morocco, Senegal, Tunisia, Turkey
integration measures at local level implemented
residency requirement for refugees reduced
voting rights in municipal elections for foreigners
Second report by the Royal Commissioner for Immigration Policy
recruitment of workers for specific industries
asylum seekers with low chance of recognition to wait in detention while case is tested
more police power to control irregular employment and trafficking networks
More resources to OPFRA and Appeal boards
Those on the safe country of origin list
work for asylum seekers possible after 6 monts
Returning Ingrians granted automatic residence permit
immigration wave from former Soviet Union
discussion about voting rights for migrants
restriction on unskilled labour migration
long term residency with work permit granted to descendants of Japanese emigrants
long term residency with work permit granted to family members of descendants
students of post-secondary institutions are allowed to work several hours a week
ministry for Moroccans residing abroad created
trainee migration agreement with Belgium
reintegration programmes for workers from Chile
Normalisation of relations with the Soviet Union
priviledges to incentivize diaspora to return
National Human Rights Commission created
assimilated category created as a regularisation mechanism for unrecognized refugees from central america
programme to encourage investments and secure rights of diaspora
Beta groups created to support migrants at risk
Creation of secretariat to promote multicultural education
Portuguese enjoy free movement and work in EU without restrictions
effect of Gulf crisis on migration flows to arab world, diversion to CIS countries
federal care for asylum seekers established
first integration measures for asylum seekers
introduction of safe third country and country of origin principle
integration measures in the education system
former Yugoslavia,  former Soviet Union, East Timor, Lebanon, Sudan, Burma, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Cambodia and members of the Ahmadi religious movement.
report favours introduction of a points system, stricter immigration controls
right of appeal granted for declined residence applications
repatriation of albanians arriving after collapse of regime
International Conference on Migration held in Rome
no visa for Polish citizens for Schengen area
readmission agreement btw Poland and Schengen countries
regularisation programme for irregular workers
Visa requirements for citizens of Maghreb countries
Spanish enjoy free movement and work in EU without restrictions
voluntary return and resettlement aid launched
higher requirements for getting housing certificate
eased residence permit for albanian greeks
more access to social system for albanian greeks
labour market test and other criteria for workers introduced
residence permits with very short durations
expulsion now regulated by law, no appeal right
introduction of sanction for document fraud
irregular migrants have no access to public, legal, health care or social system
quota applied to specific nationalities (second circle)
Canada, US, Eastern and Central European Countries - countries with Cultural proximity
recruitment stop for Yugoslavian workers
replaces the fixed cap of 270,000 with a flexible cap of 714.000.
Retains the priority on family migration with an important quota
H1B visas for high-skilled temporary workers introduced with a cap
A cap on seasonal workers visas is introduced
introduction of new temporary workers visas for specific occupations.
extra visas for Hong Kong nationals employed by US multinational corporations
Higher volume of quotas for skilled workers
Introduction of random lottery programme for high-skilled
Designated countries subject to armed conflict or natural disasters
simplification and repealing of exclusion grounds
revised provisions regards high-skilled O and P categories
longer waiting time for permanent residency
lower requirements for family reunification
border control with Russia increased due to Somali refugee inflow
commission for both refugee and migration issues
Ukraine created, high immigration flows followed
resettlement programme for crimean tartars
naturalisation of returning descendants of Ukrainians
special education support for children of immigrants
temporary recruitment system for foreign workers
quotas introduced - implemented in 1993-1994
no access to social benefits for foreign workers
no family reunification for foreign workers
integration programme for descendents of japanese launched
visa for moroccans entering spain required
refugee status determination rules introduced
Those transiting through or originating from Schengen countries
creation of temporary permit for workers
creation of temporary permit for students
creation of temporary permit for refugees
creation of temporary permit for spouses
expulsion of irregular migrants laid down
facilitated naturalisation for Slovenian descendants
eased naturalisation for young and long-term residents
sponsor of family reunification needs to be 18
extended protection of family members of refugees
compulsory social security card for foreign workers
stronger rules on expulsion of criminals
stronger sentenced for irregular entry and stay
Labour migration agreement with Bulgaria
Labour migration agreement with Czech Republic
facilitated naturalisation procedure for former USSR citizens living in FSU countries
collapse of USSR leads to massive outward movement
creation of office for migrants to help linking diaspora to the home country
assisted migration for european workers ended
irregular migrants deprived of basic rights
bond system to trigger investment by diaspora
refined labour recruitment mechanism for Saudi arabia as model for future policy developments
working prohibited until final decision on asylum claim
Refugee determination less respective of human rights
Young workers exchange agreement with Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
visa requirements introduced for ex-Yugoslavian countries
creation of contingent of yearly granted residence permits
access to permanent residency restricted?
Creation of points tested Business skill category
english programme becomes legal entitlement
citizenship law abolished gender differences
citizenship rules eased for members of diaspora
naturalisation restricted for non-EU nationals
citizenship through marriage possible for all after 6 months
Those transiting through or originating from Morocco
more border control at Moroccan frontier
Creation of Interministerial Commission for Foreigners
Those transiting through or originating from Slovenia
temporary humanitarian residence permit for tolerated asylum seekers
fast track procedures for manifestly unfounded asylum claims
easier detention for unsuccessful asylum seekers
discussion on family reunification restrictions
creation of transit zones to detain migrants
EU free movement of persons rejected by referendum
Chinese present in the US in 1989-1990 are eligible for permanent residence
Entry of 750 scientists of former Soviet Union states
annual quota for refugees can be used flexibly over period
debate on reducing residency criteria for citizenship failed
visa introduced for citizens from former yugoslav countries
agreements on trainee exchange with Russia and Estonia
restrictions on rights to property  for foreigners removed
ad hoc acceptance of refugees from Moldova
foreigners allowed to create associations
temporary permit for persons fleeing from war zones
ad hoc refugee status for ex-yugoslavians created
visa introduced for former yougoslavian countries
access to pension and child allowance for foreigners
Those transiting through or originating from Spain
labour agreement with Czech and Slovak Republic
Office for Hungarians living abroad created
Those transiting through or originating from Belgium, Netherlands or Luxembourg
liberal residency permit system introduced
permanent residency possible for humanitarian reasons
permanent residency possible for family members of citizens
free access to labour market for Slovak nationals
free access of citizens to Slovak labour market
free access to labour market for Czech nationals
free access of citizens to Czech labour market
restrictive asylum law introducing safe third countries and safe countries of origin notions
reintegration programmes for workers from Croatia
reintegration programmes for workers from Slovenia
Regularization of unskilled irregular workers
migration programme for russians from the FSU
directorate for argentinians abroad created
protection of rights of chinese workers abroad
family reunification for regularized migrants
ius sanguinis now also through maternal descent
entry prohibited to certain criminal categories
carriers have to take back irregular migrants
sanction for irregular entry and overstay raised
sanction for housing irregular migrants raised
new institution on immigration and citizenship
Programme against social exclusion of migrants
Commission for Integration of migrants and minorities created
UK asylum definition adjusted to Geneva Convention
reduction of benefit entitlements for asylum seekers
fingerprinting of asylum applicants introduced
fast track appeal procedures and time limits introduced
emigration trends: organized emigration continues
public movements pro and anti immigration
access to permanent residency for specific categories
Introduction of quota for non-EU workers
national campaign against informal economy
Those transiting through or originating from Portugal
closed centers for irregular migrants created
widening of reasons to reject asylum application
register requirements for asylum seekers
more institutional capacities to deal with asylum seekers
irregular migrants ineligible to social security
allowes minister to require exit permits to specific migrants
access to nationality restricted for spouses
access to nationality restricted for children born in France
Constitutional change widens definition of asylum
eased access for refugees from Bosnia Herzegowina
Those transiting through or originating from countries on the safe country list
Ministry for Nationalities and Migration created
Refugee law creating refugee determination system
Refugee law  granting right to work to asylum seekers
interministerial body to coordinate integration
right of foreigners to vote in occupational chambers
Palestinians can naturalize through marriage
introduction of a quota for cross border workers
reporting of hiring of labour migrants requested by state
fingerprinting not required any more for foreign residents
ratification of ILO migrant workers convention
readmission agreement with Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, the Slovak Republic and Ukranie
Those transiting through or originating from the Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, the Slovak Republic or Ukranie
new office to deal with border regions created
naturalisation requirements lower for ethnic hungarians
definition of czech citizens and transitional provisions
preferential naturalisation procedure for slovaks
Readmission agreement with Austria, Vietnam, Slovak Republic, Poland and Romania
Those transiting through or originating from Austria, Vietnam, Slovak Republic, Poland or Romania
visa free agreements with European countries, other arrangement with eastern countries
preferential naturalisation procedure for czechs
lowering of social assistance for asylum seekers
health care access for irregular migrants
Labour migration agreement with Lithuania
additional entry channel for low-skilled created
integration programme for low skilled trainees
registration system for foreigners created
No exit permit required anymore for Soviet citizens
creation of forced migrant status for russians in FSU countries
refugee status determination procedure created
creation of National Migration Institute
restoration of citizenship to those deprived in 1984
establishment of refugee determination system by UNHCR
big regularisation of irregular Indonesian workers in Malaysia
eased criteria for live-in caregiver programme
easier temporary access for US and Mexican citizens
regularisation for rejected asylum seekers
new directorate for portuguese community abroad
restricted naturalisation for non-portuguese speaking countries
proposal to easier expel criminal foreigners
more flexibility in refugee integration system
Visa introduced for citizens of Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast
refugee flows now primarily from non-European countries
special asylum procedure for non-European refugees
no access to labour market or social benefits for non-European asylum seekers
free mobility within EEA area, including austria
EU citizens have free right to enter, reside and work (exempt from quota)
need to adjust to EU-Turkey agreement on foreign workers, relaxation
maximum federal number of working foreigners lowered
Readmission agreement with Papua New Guinea
Those transiting through or originating from Papua New Guinea
special visa category created for NZ citizens
Expansion of permanent business skill class
debates on reform of 1990 Martelli Act, no success
quota maintained, but with geo preferences
Iberoamerican, Northafrican and Phillipine citizens
creation of preliminary proceedings allowing exclusion of certain applications from recognition process
stronger link between asylum refusal and expulsion
creation of institutions to foster integration
Those people that transit or originate from a country on the safe third country/country of origin list
blue card for specific family members abolished
new identification requirements for access to social security
new identification requirements for access to work
law to prevent and forbid marriages of convenience
provisional residence permit needed to apply for real residence permit
restrictive amendment to Algeria agreement
creation of institution for immigration and labour control
seasonal permits restricted to EU and EFTA countries
Eased entry for Canadians and Mexican professionals -  Mexicans subject to quota
NAFTA eased entry for investors, business visitors and traders
Irregular migrants from Cuba not admitted anymore
restoring the legal limit for cuban immigration
expedient deportation procedures for rejected asylum seekers
California removes access of irregular migrants to public services
EEA citizens have free access to work for short time
EEA citizens have same social security benefits
work permit linked to labour market situation
agreement on free labour mobility in CIS region, not implemented
access to social benefits for foreigners
Integration activities for Yugoslav refugees
migrants can now be founding member of non profit org
quota introduced for construction sector
end of indochinese resettlement and preferential treatment
border between Algeria and Morocco closed
labour agreement with Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine
readmission agreement with Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Moldova
Those transiting through or originating from Croatia, Greece, Hungary or Moldova
family members exempt from 3 year requirement for permanent residency
readmission agreement with Poland, Czech Republic
Those transiting through or originating from Poland or the czech Republic
naturalisation of previously permanent residents facilitated
Readmission agreement with Germany and Hungary
Those transiting through or originating from Germany or Hungary
quicker procedure for manifestly unfounded asylum claims
financial requirement added to entry rules
Those transiting through or originating from Croatia
agreement with Vietnam on training Vietnamese workers
possibility of open work permit after three years
increased sanctions against irregular migration
Readmission agreement with Czech republic
Those transiting through or originating from Czech Republic
accident insurance for trainees and irregular workers
consolidation of permanent residency for family members
consolidation of permanent residency for workers
investors can now apply for permanent residence
entry facilitation for ex-USSR countries
Poland, Czech Rep, Slovak Rep, Hungary, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Slovenia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Albania, Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Moldavia and Romania
NAFTA eased circulation of skilled workers
NAFTA eased circulation for investors, business visitors and traders
end of family reunification for regularized migrants
low-skilled not admitted for work anymore
white paper stresses aim to fight against irregular migration
stricter requirements on recruitment of indonesian workers introduced
more data collection and control over foreigners
exclusion of specific groups from refugee determination
shift in immigration discourse towards integration
creation of a special foreign nationality for Turks to retain their social rights
Those transiting through or originating from Hungary
Those transiting through or originating from China
points system adjusted through introduction of quota and flexible pass mark
tightening of english requirements for investors
tightening of english requirements for skilled
points test introduced for business investment category
stricter requirements for some professionals
quota raised, but reduced to domestic and agricultural workers only
sanctions created for human trafficking for sexual or work purposes
facilitation for the recovery of Spanish nationality
resolutions to improve integration adopted
regularisation mechanism for long term irregular migrants introduced
three year limit for family reunification abolished
priority rule of dutch labour market reinforced
high-skilled access to work and residence permit facilitated
Regularisation for parents of French children
Seasonal workers agreement with Bulgaria
commission created to combat discrimination
stricter requirements for asylum application
new registration system for asylum seekers
ad hoc refugee status for ex-yugoslavians abolished
Morocco as increasing immigration country
ministry for Moroccans residing abroad downgraded
association agreement with EU signed, entered into force in 2000
Those transiting through or originating from Slovakia
czech workers have same worker rights as EU workers in EU
agreement with Switzerland on training Slovak workers
agreement on mutual employment with Russia
short and long term residency permits created
permanent residence permits for family members consolidated
permanent residence permits for persons of slovak origin created
financial requirement introduced for entry
carriers have to check travel documents of passengers
Those transiting through or originating from Bulgaria
Those transiting through or originating from Vietnam
Labour migration agreement with Macedonia
Labour migration agreement with Bosnia Herzegowina
new repatriation programme with the US for irregular mexican migrants
better inter-institutional coordination to fight THB
development plan suggest revision of migration policy
green paper on role of migration for population policy
Mozambique refugees not recognized anymore
continuing exemption for recruited workers
adjustment of status for foreign mine workers
unification of South African citizenship
ius soli possible for children of permanent residents
naturalisation after two years permanent residence for spouses
first attempt on free mobility agreement in SADC region, failed
access to education for children of migrants
High Commissioner for Immigration and Ethnic relations created
minimum income also accessible to legal migrants
right given to immigrant associations in anti-discrimination procedures
Council of Portuguese Communities abroad created
special education focus on children of immigrants
voting rights for foreigners in local elections
extension of penalties for illegal entry to those seeking leave to enter
reduction of benefit entitlements for certain asylum seekers
Those people that transit or originate from a country on the safe country list
extended rights for searching and arresting immigration offenders
Visa introduced for citizens fo Tanzania and Kenya
Visa introduced for citizens of Bahrain, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Guyana, Kuwait, the Maldives, Mauritus, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Surinam, United Arab Emirates and Zambia as a result of the EU common visa list
Bahrain, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Guyana, Kuwait, the Maldives, Mauritus, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Surinam, United Arab Emirates and Zambia
preferential treatment of skilled workers
New government with discourse on migration restrictions
Institutions for multicultural affairs abolished
ministry of Italians Abroad abolished and shifted to MFA
Integration measures in the French regions
family member can be required to leave in certain circumstances
detention period for irregular migrants extended
context of protests by sans papiers reach their climax
integration of foreign and returning greek children via education
refugee status determination institutions established
Change in asylum procedure to exclude potential terrorists
restricts benefits for nearly all categories of legal permanent residents to two major Federal assistance programmes
exempts refugees from restrictions to benefits
Cubans no longer admissible when found at see, wet foot, dry foot policy
increased border control through staff and fence
Undocumented migrants barred from the US for 10 years
Quicker procedure and expanded grounds for deportation
Increase income for sponsors of family migration
Punishment for fraudulent acts to help irregular migrants
Increased restriction to foreign physicians
Readmission agreement with Latvia and Estonia
Those transiting through or originating from Latvia or Estonia
tax deduction for high skilled foreign workers
integration programme for crimean tartars
strenghtening of expulsion of foreign drug traffickers
creation of refugee determination procedure
full access to work and benefits for refugees
right of appeal granted to asylum seekers
Those transiting through or originating from a safe third country
policy aim of reducing reliance on foreign workers
foreign temporary workers have no right to get hired after 9 months
policy plan to attract high skilled and refrain low skilled workers
integration programme for refugees recognized
EU money to step up border control at eastern Polish border in view of accession
strategy on slovene minorities in neighbouring countries
Those transiting through or originating from Greece
Those transiting through or originating from Canada
repatriation programme for czech descendants
Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova
increase in bilateral treaties on labour exchange
agreement with Germany on training Slovak workers
integration programme for resettled refugees
naturalisation not conditioned anymore on acquiring Icelandic name
Labour migration agreement with Slovenia
Labour migration agreement with Slovak Republic
longer stay possible for trainees up to three years
children of irregular foreigners can be registered in Mexico
category of assimilated widened to include family members
stable legal status granted to Guatemalan refugees
preferential naturalisation for guatemalan refugees with family ties in Mexico
constitution guarantees equal social rights to foreigners
emigrants do not loose citizenship anymore
right to emigration for all and right to passport for citizens
automatic naturalisation of family members of a naturalized indonesian
Report suggesting major changes in all areas
tougher requirements for family sponsorship
Pilot project for high skilled software development professionals
creation of asylum country and source country classed within the resettlement programme
Those on the list of humanitarian designated class countries
Chileans eligible for temporary work permits
Recruitment agreement with Cape Verde on temporary workers
more appeal opportunities for asylum seekers
primary purpose rule abolished, but other rules reinforced
right of appeal granted to those deported on grounds of national security
safe countries of origin principle eased
entry ban for asylum seekers transiting through safe country
creation of a permanent residence permit subject to quota
creation of temporary residence permit not subject to quota
family members of third country nationals still under quota
family members of austrians exempt from quota
stricter criteria for family members of migrants
family members granted work permit after four years
third country nationals eligible for  emergency benefits
Higher requirements for access to social security
Stricter requirements for skilled migration programme
Stricter skills requirements for family reunification
Schengen implemented - no border controls
seasonal employment agreement with Albania
Those transiting through or originating from Georgia
special permits for Moroccans in Spanish enclaves
pilot return project for Angola, Erythrea, Ethopia and Surinam
report for more liberal entry and integration rules
reinforces police power to control migrants
regularisation of people with continous residence for 7 years and family ties
Readmission agreement with Czech Republic
report on reorientation of immigration policy
Relief from deportation to specific nationalities
Nicaragua, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, former Soviet bloc countries
creation of collective protection instrument
liberal access to rights for collective protected people
liberal access to labour market for collective protected people
higher sanction for trafficking irregular migrants
reorganisation of governmental responsibilities on immigration
more technology introduced to track and control migrants
equal right to education for children of foreigners
ministry for Moroccans residing abroad integrated in foreign affairs
eased access to ceuta and melilla for moroccans
naturalisation procedure made more difficult
visa reintroduced for Belarus and Russia
penalties for illegal entry and stay introduced
border guards get more power to crack down on irregular migration
readmission agreement with Austria broadened
Those transiting through or originating from Denmark
Those transiting through or originating from Estonia
Those transiting through or originating from Lithuania
Those transiting through or originating from Italy
agreement on mutual employment with Ukraine
descendants of slovaks can enter and work freely in Slovakia
Those transiting through or originating from Switzerland
Readmission agreement with Bosnia Herzegovina
Those transiting through or originating from Bosnia Herzegowina
citizenship now transmitted by mothers as well
integration programme for North Korean refugees
longer stay possible for skilled workers and eased visa procedure
financial support for SMEs to lower incentives of hiring irregular migrants
Amnesty for irregular migrants who leave voluntarily
refugee determination procedure open for far east applicants
only temporary protection granted to refugees
Those transiting through or originating from a country on the safe country list
plan to encourage chinese scholars to return visiting China
chinese allowed to travel abroad for leisure
short term agricultural visa for Guatemalans
facilitated mobility project in SADC region
refugee status extended to family members
permanent residency for refugees after four years
integrated border control with Argentina
Those crossing the frontier with Argentina
work permit rules for researchers and scientists
Pilot project to grant work permit to spouses of high skilled
reduction of period for permanent residence
more protection situations for asylum seekers
institutional responsibilities for asylum clarified
Processing time for unfounded asylum claims reduced
regularisation of undocumented domestic workers
Haulage companies and Eurostar made responsible for checking documentation of traveller
Carrier sanctions introduced for haulage companies and Eurostar
White paper suggest restrictions towards irregular migrants and asylum seekers
creation of two committees to deal with Turkish diaspora
Readmission agreement with DE, IT, Croatia, Bulgaria
Those transiting through or originating from Germany, Italy, Croatia and Bulgaria
naturalization principles maintained, slightly eased for integrated migrants
Stricter requirements for entry of parents
Stricter requirements for entry of caring relatives
Those transiting through or originating from Macedonia
Those transiting through or originating from Tunisia
Those transiting through or originating from Albania
Readmission agreement with Nigeria and Pakistan
Those transiting through or originating from Nigeria or Pakistan
right to vote for EU citizens, but still not for third country nationals at municipal level
special staff to deal with Afghan and Iraqi asylum seekers
temporary stay for asylum seekers from specific countries withdrawn
Liberia, northern Sudan, certain Somalis, Sri Lankan Tamils, Iraqis and Afghans arriving via Pakistan.
Automatic citizenship for children born in France reintroduced
need to justify refusal of visa for family members, students and workers
eased family reunification and new permit
social benefits extended to irregular migrants
abolished right of minister to require exit permits to specific migrants
admission of engineers and informaticians facilitated
family reunification allowed for long term residents
ethnic reasons for citizenship withdrawal abolished
special IDs for Greek Albanians to grant access to labour market
Criteria for case by case regularisations
three circles replaces by separation between EU and non-EU citizens
EU-CH agreement on free movement of persons signed
Honduan citizens enjoy humanitarian protection
Nicaragua citizens enjoy humanitarian protection
discrimination at the workplace forbidden
gender becomes reason for granting humanitarian stay
lowering of time required for permanent residency
ICTs can now extend their stay over 5 years
information dissemination programmes in countries of origin
family reunification for recognized refugees
geographical limitation on refugees levied
readmission agreement with Czech Republic
Those transiting through or originating from the Czech Republic
Those transiting through or originating from Latvia
Readmission agreement with Bulgaria and Slovenia
Those transiting through or originating from Bulgaria or Slovenia.
citizenship rules clarified and eligible after seven years of residency
nordic citizens can be naturalised after 4 years
citizenship for resettled refugees after five years
Amnesty for irregular migrants who leave voluntarily ends
introduction of the work after training program
less flexibility in changing visa status
nationality possible for those with US citizenship and children of diaspora
socio-economic rights for mexicans with US citizenship
facilitated travel for central american countries planned, not implemented
facilitated entry for business people from 33 states
second phase of fencing border with bangladesh
visa rules for investors and entrepreneurs
Local border card created to facilitate border traffic
compulsory insurance programm for migrant workers
Countries list for humanitarian protection reduced
regime for migrant associations approved
Access to social assistance to elderly portuguese abroad
expulsion not any more executed by police, but by Migration Board
citizenship granted to long term residents with difficulties to prove their identity
New welfare support system for asylum seekers
carrier sanctions extended to private vehicles
more staff abroad to curb number of forged travel IDs used
return programme for rejected asylum seekers
Report on work permits agreements praises employer-led system
Simplification of family migration categories
Easier family reunification for stepchildren
Stricter family reunification for children over 18 or adult dependants
Easier residency for foreign students with specific skills
Creation of Skills Matching visa subject to labour market test but not to PBS
more control powers for immigration staff in waters
review of the business investor categories
introduction of Geneva convention in NZ law
creation of permit for high-risk people to enter for specific reason
quicker and streamlined removal procedures
prefential treatment for those countries with readmission agreements within quota
countries with which Italy has concluded agreements on entry flow regulation and readmission
family members are exempted from the quota
business people and high skilled are exempted from the quota
family reunification linked to specific income
right to work granted to family migrants
Access to social system granted to legal and irregular migrants
right to vote in local elections granted to EU permanent citizens
committee on forced repatriation practices
temporary protection for Kosovo refugees
simplifying employment of foreign workers
one-time regularisation of long term illegal migrants
asylum applications without identity documents will not be accepted
asylum applications without identity documents expelled immediately
new return programme for unemployed over 45
access to work for refugees and asylum sekers
family reunification for refugees allowed
introduction of safe third country of origin
Those on the safe third country of origin list
access to social system for refugees and asylum seekers
expulsion forbidden for dependants of white and green card holders
Reception center for asylum seekers created
access to asylum restricted to legal entries
creation of war refugee status (temporary asylum)
New non-immigrant work permit introduced for needed nurses
eased entry for workers of Barents Sea countries
temporary work ban for refugees from Kosovo
committee appointed to draft new citizenship law
integration a compulsory activity for municipalities to provide
reception conditions for asylum seekers arranged
lower social benefits for newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers
readmission agreement with Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Croatia
Those transiting through or originating from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania or Croatia
work permit given to asylum seekers from war region
fingerprinting not required any more for all foreigners
creation of the Mohammed V Foundation and the Operation Marhaba
quota for temporary work permits introduced
no work permit needed for senior executives of foreign companies
creation of a refugee determination system
minimum right to work for asylum seekers
permanent residency granted to those deprived in 1992
sanction of irregular entry and stay raised
eased citizenship for former czechoslovak citizens
eased naturalisation for slovak citizens
agreement on mutual employment with Hungary
agreement with Finland on training Slovak workers
EU code of conduct on illegal migration, work and social security fraud
definition of russian compatriots and facilitated access to citizenship
facilitated citizenship for citizens of Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan and Belarus
Federal Police in charge of controlling migrants
creation of Person of Indian Origin Card grants entry and stay rights
creation of Person of Indian Origin Card grants social rights
higher regulation of recruitment of Indonesian workers
return organized through special terminal at airport
cooperation with CIS on irregular migration
Refugee pilot initiative for sierra leonese
Refugee pilot initiative for Pakistan, Turkey and kenya
family reunification for same-sex and common-law relationships
Training programme for young portuguese abroad
Those transiting through or originating from US
Report on how to increase labour immigration and subsequent policy debate
Implementation of 1999 law, creation of NASS
Fast track work permits for skilled workers
fast track procedure for begging asylum seekers
family reunification granted to innovators' family
antidiscrimination legislation extended to police and immigration service
proposal for adjustment of status of graduates and entry channel for high-skilled without job
voluntary return programm introduced for rejected asylum seekers and irregular migrants
access to labour market for family migrants of permanent residents
Readmission agreement with Latvia, Lithuania
Those transiting through or originating from Latvia or Lithuania
Creation of temporary protection visa for irregularly arriving refugees
Lower requirements for business skill migration
New sponsored visa for business visitors
more targetted requirements for high skilled
Those with Working Holiday Maker Agreements
special officials to deal with asylum applications at the border
financial support for asylum seekers raised
seasonal employment agreement with Tunisia
high-skilled exempted from labour market test
permanent regularisation mechanism for those in Spain for 2 years possible
massive widening of socio-economic rights granted to irregular migrants
massive widening of access to justice and political rights to irregular migrants
irregular entry and work were not any more reasons for expulsion
introduction of requirement to justify refusal of visa
officially establishes the annual quota system
official recognition of right to family reunification
permanent residence permit after five years
concentration of immigration responsibilities under ministry of interior
residency period for naturalisation shortened
ius soli for children born in DE to foreign parents under certain conditions
big reform of the nationality code to facilitate naturalisation
financial support for asylum seekers changed
conditional independent residency rights for family members
stricter naturalisation criteria for those with greek ethnic background
sanction for organising entry of irregular migrants
new visa for high skilled workers in certain jobs
change in immigration flows from returning irish emigrants to non-EU immigrants
referendum accepts agreements on EU free movement of people
popular initiative to reduce immigration fail
Regularisation of Sri Lankan rejected asylum seekers
Adjustment of status possible by paying a penalty
Eased family reunification via 2 new temporary visas to get around long waiting lists
Additional non-immigrant visas for women and children victims of trafficking
administrative shift of responsibilities for asylum procedure
temporary work ban for refugees from Kosovo lifted
Those transiting through or originating from  Sri Lanka
lower social benefits for newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers abolished
quicker processing of unjustified asylum applications
new government immigration and integration plan
tolerated status introduced for rejected asylum seekers
re-entry ban for expelled irregular migrants longer
association agreement with EU entered into force, signed in 1995
specific entry procedure for rapatriates (ethnic poles)
citizenship granted to rapatriates (ethnic poles)
eased access to work permit for those granted temporary stay
Those transiting through or originating from a country on the safe third country list
Labour agreement with Lithuania, Hungary, Bulgaria
tightening of access to business certificate
restricted access to immigration visa with tourist visa
more control on employment of foreigners
visas introduced for Cuba and  former Soviet Union countries
new body to fight illegal employment created
creation of integration support for asylum seekers
right to enter and work for overseas ethnic Koreans
social benefits for overseas ethnic Koreans  who return
Plan to open immigration to unskilled workers - withdrawn
Those transiting through, originating from or entering the CIS countries
FMS functions delegated to other ministry
FMS functions delegated to ministry of interior
consolidation of legal status of beta groups
change in political power leads to new diaspora policy
negociations with US on better conditions for Mexican workers failed
programme to facilitate reintegration of returning diaspora and forge relation with expatriates
ratification of geneva convention and protocole
stricter sanctions for illegal entry and overstay
increased border control at border towards Sri Lanka
Those transiting or originating from Sri Lanka
directorate to liaise with diaspora communities
Immigration Act introduced in Parliament
Countries list for humanitarian protection amended
new stay permit for regular and irregular migrants with work contract
quasi-introduction of a quota for immigration entries
enlarged family reunification and rights
tougher measures for employers of irregular migrants
tougher measures against irregular migrations
expulsion introduced as additional sentence for specific crimes
right to vote in presidential elections for emigrants
children of swedish fathers now also swedish by birth
Commission set up to investigate migrants access to power
Detention possibilities of terrorism-suspected immigrants
Introduction of pilot points-based system for high skilled
Programme for EU accession contains a lot about new migration and asylum legislation and control
visa requirements introduced for a number of countries
Kazakhstan, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Oman (and others)
right to be elected in chamber of labour granted to foreigners
Those transiting through or originating from Switzerland or Liechtenstein
End of free access to social benefits for New Zealanders
more powers to remove ships with irregulars
pacific solution, detention of irregular boat migrants
access to refugee determination procedure diminished for boat migrants
stronger sanctions against people smuggling
Restricts legal action in migration issues
Facilitation of Asia Pacific business travellers
expansion of holiday makers scheme to chile, denmark, hong kong, italy and sweden
Chile, Denmark, Hong Kong (China), Italy, Sweden.
sponsor now has to provide financial support for relatives
new residents can only sponsor family members after three years
New Zealanders need residence permit to get benefits in Australia
quota for skilled/business class of 27 000
quota for family sponsored class of 13 500
quota for international/humanitarian class of 4 500
Creation of talent visa with exceptional talents
change in statistics on residency permits
restriction of socio-economic rights granted to irregular migrants
massive restriction of access to justice and political rights to irregular migrants
stricter residency criteria for regularisation
increased sanctions for support or employment of irregular migrants
introduction of on-the-spot expulsions for irregular migrants
justification of refusal of visa removed except for family reunion and work
Labour agreement with Columbia, Educador and the Dominican Republic
Reintegration agreement with Columbia, Educador and the Dominican Republic
Those transiting through or originating from Nigeria
eased entry program for non-EU IT specialists
old case arrangement for people from yugoslavia and bosnia-herzegowina
Report of the Sussmuth Commission suggest point system for entry
unsuccessful immigration bill as result of sussmuth report
review of refugees' benefits entitlement
abolishment of main appeal procedures for asylum seekers
stricter expulsion of rejected asylum seekers
higher income requirements for family reunification
better access to social services for migrants - first real integration measure for immigrants
required period for family reunification reduced
family members get direct access to labour market
required period for permanent residency reduced
Ministry of Interior becomes responsibility for migration
Those countries with bilateral agreements on seasonal work
naturalisation more cumbersome and costly
agreement with Bulgaria on THB and other criminal activities
northern ireland inhabitants now eligible for irish citizenship
creation of new body to administer return by air
El Salvador citizens enjoy humanitarian protection
immigrant children supported in language learning
eased conditions for unauthorized students in several states
Tracking system for foreign students (implemented in 2003)
Indefinite detention of suspected terrorists
eased access to labour market for students
Working holiday maker agreement with Australia
eased access to work permit for specialists
citizenship facilitated for ukrainian diaspora
update of refugee law to international standards
Ministry of Refugees, Immigrants and Integration created
work and stay permits required before entering DK
more capacities to inform students about recruitment practices in Japan
expulsion of those who help irregular migrants enter and stay
creation of category for evidently groundless asylum applications
Office for Repatriation and Foreigners created
longer residency requirement for permanent residency
facilitation of second generation naturalisation
immigration and naturalisation office created
preferential treatment of ethnic hungarians on entry and work permits
Ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Slovenia, Serbia-Montenegro and Croatia.
preferential treatment of ethnic hungarians through social benefits
readmission agreement with Serbia and Montenegro
Those transiting through or originating from Serbia and Montenegro
more grounds for limitation of movement of asylum seekers
shorter appeal deadlines for asylum seekers
end of epatriation programme for czech descendants
agreement with Germany on training Slovak workers, quota increased
Commission to adress mistreatment of foreign workers
emigration increases due to economic crisis
end of facilitated entry for ex-USSR countries
creation of multi-entry visas for high skilled chinese abroad
infrastructure to improve employment of rural labour force created
more border control at US and Guatemalan borders
Those transiting through or originating from the USA
attracting high skilled workers as new policy goal, not implemented
Those originating from or transiting through Pakistan
Stricter criteria for live-in caregivers
More documents allowed for identification
More legal guarantees against expelling asylum seekers
Detention and deportation of potential terrorists
small regularisation for algerian rejected asylum seekers
Employment for spouses of skilled workers granted
Creation of reception programme for new immigrants
Action Plan to clarify rights and duties of immigrants
Creation of induction, accomodation and removal centres for asylum seekers
more technology and border control, especially towards France
introduction of citizenship test and ceremony (implemented in 2005)
expulsion of   rejected asylum seekers from safe countries possible
High skilled migrant program made permanent
White paper on entry and citizenship criteria
Convention against organised crime ratified
resolution on stepping up control of irregular migration
Readmission agreement with Slovakia, Romania
Those transiting through or originating from Slovakia or Romania
new immigration restricted to skilled workers
part time employment allowed for students
settlement certificate grants more rights to long term migrants
asylum seekers from specific countries restricted access to benefits
Voluntary return agreements with South Africa, Thailand, Afghanistan
tighter requirements for skilled applicants
tighter requirements for investors and entrepreneurs
sanction for people smuggling introduced
stricter criteria for allowing entry of foreign workers
more surveillance on migrants through fingerprinting
no refund of social security payments for returnees anymore
decentralized asylum determination procedure (implemented in 2005)
increased sanctions for re-entry of detected irregular migrants
increased detention time for irregular migrants and potential asylum seekers
2002 quota lower, more for seasonal work
Labour agreement with Romania and Poland
Readmission agreement with Romania and Poland
police gets more control powers to question people in streats, anti terrorism measure
minister for integration and immigration created
new institute to study migration and foster integration
Those transiting through or originating from Turkey
work and residence permits only with job offer
2002 draft legislation on foreigners (start of 2006/2008 law)
restrictive revision of asylum law rejected
Those entering CH through a safe country
EU-CH agreement on free movement of persons  implemented but with transitional restrictions until 2007
Entry Exit system for immigration control created
25 countries associated with an Al Qaeda presence
Requirement of biometric passports for visa waiver countries
Citizens of countries defined as sponsors of terrorism are prohibited entry
Countries designated to be a state sponsor of international terrorism
Creation of the Department of Homeland Security
Eased requirements for intercompany transfers
Work authorisation extended to spouses of ICT and investors
labour market test exempted quota for high skilled introduced
MoU signed with NZ and AUS on trainee agreement
initiation programme for new migrants mandatory
language exam for naturalisation introduced
stricter rules of conduct for naturalisation
assisted return for afghan asylum seekers
stricter requirements for granting protection status
shorter period to leave the country for rejected asylum seekers
stricter requirements for permanent residency for refugees
stricter requirements for permanent residency
job card scheme - positive list introduced
shorter residency requirement for citizenship
language requirement introduced for naturalisation
temporary protection to people from Ivory Coast
Report recommends expulsion of irregular workers
refugee determination body created to take over from UNHCR
no differentiation anymore in the direct absorption basket
policy to reduce new migrant workers and fill jobs with those already in the country
expulsion of irregular workers by new police unit
assistance for refugees enlarged to convention refugees
integration of legal foreigners in health  system
re-creation of ministry for moroccans abroad
right to vote in local elections for permanent residents and refugees
permanent residency granted to temporary refugees
integration assistance for temporary refugees
facilitated naturalisation for foreigners born and raised in Slovenia
detainees seeking asylum have to stay in detention
asylum seekers can work only after one year
only three months subsidies for asylum seekers
family reunification of refugees widened
appeal courts introduced in asylum procedure
tolerated residency introduced for certain asylum seekers
detention and expulsion mechanisms introduced
sanctions introduced for transportation of irregular migrants
readmission agreement with Benelux countries
Those transiting through or originating from the Benelux countries
changes in the selection system of trainees
changes in the status change of trainees to regular workers
debate about entry of low-skilled workers
first small scale initiative to give worker status to low skilled
permanent residency open to temporary workers
more bureaucratic barriers to foreigner registration
quota for workers from visa required countries introduced
FMS reestablished within ministry of home affairs
shorter residency for high skilled for naturalisation
shorter residency for refugees for naturalisation
no dual citizenship for naturalised people anymore
family reunification for MERCOSUR migrants
free movement for Argentinians in MERCOSUR region
plan to promote interaction with Chinese communities abroad
refugee status created, replacing previous visitor status for refugees
Mexico issues consular cards to US diaspora to improve their access to rights
consolidation of temporary entry permits
new work permit for shortage occupations with quota
new work permit for intra corporate transferees
stricter conditions to hire mining workers
detention of irregular migrants possible without warrant
sanctions for educating, housing, helping irregular migrants etc.
more possibilities for getting permanent residency
permanent residency for high skilled workers
permanent residency for family members consolidated
fencing border with bangladesh continued
Person of Indian Origin Card period of validity shortened
free movement for Brazilians in MERCOSUR region
border protection programme for amazonas enacted
free movement for Chilean in MERCOSUR region
private recruitment companies now allowed to place domestic workers
Referral required for refugee application
New border agency to foster control of dangerous foreigners
additional criteria for family reunification
slightly quicker access to permanent residency
end of 2001 work permit possibility for legal and irregular workers
Those transiting through or originating from Brazil
Recruitment agreement with Bulgaria on temporary workers
report and debate about free movement of new EU MS after 2004
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia
support to central and eastern european countries to develop modern migration policy
students have no need to show intention to leave anymore
new sectors-based work permit scheme for low-skilled
no right to work for asylum seekers that did not get decision within six months
Those transiting through or originating from Syria
certain professions now also open to foreigners
work permit possible if residence permit over 6 months
ministry of labour now responsible to issue work permits
more equal but stricter naturalisation law for spouses
differentiated treatment of asylum seekers taken back
pass mark system replaced for skilled migrant category
advanced passenger processing system created
2002 quota remains, but more for seasonal work
recovery of Spanish citizenship facilitated
Readmission agreement with Romania and Bulgaria
creation of temporary protection for event of massive influx
Repatriation agreements with Poland Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Those transiting through or originating from Poland, Guinea-Bissau or Mauritania
Creation of Humanitarian Return Programme
students allowed to work more than before
Those transiting through or originating from Serbia
council for immigration and integration created
decoupling of permanent residence and work permit
eligible asylum seekers and international students allowed to work
introduction of temporary protection status
DNA testing for family reunification partially introduced
Institution to combat irregular work and social secruity fraud set up
creation of language and citizenship test
abolished immediate naturalisation of children recognized by NL citizen
one-time regularisation of asylum seekers
Memorandum on return migration proposes better border control and expulsion mechanisms
social integration and anti-discrimination programmes
pilot introduction of integration contract
streamlining of asylum procedure within OFPRA
deportation grounds of long term residents limited
better surveillance of visa applicants through fingerprints and checks
employer to cover return costs of irregular migrant
restricted access to nationality for spouses
laissez-faire towards work migrants prior to 2003
fingerprinting of all asylum seekers introduced
detention period of asylum seekers prolongued
Those on the safe countries of origin list
more reporting and requirements for asylum seekers
some occupations not any more open to non-EU workers
2004 enlargement free labour market access for EU8
readmission agreements with RO, BG and PO
Those transiting through or originating from Romania, Bulgaria or Poland
new information system to track refused and admitted foreigners
foreign parents of irish-born children have no residency rights anymore
programme to support irish diaspora created
eased access to labour market for Canadians and vice-versa
Tracking system for foreign students (implementation 2001 act)
Reduction of quota for temporary skilled workers
Free trade agreement with Chile and Singapore eases access to work visas
stricter family reunification for refugees
compulsory introductory programme for refugees
language requirements for permanent residency
increased sanctions for and forged travel documents
residency requirement longer, but alternative counting method introduced
stricter language skill requirements for naturalisation
eased naturalisation for descendants for Finnish citizens
language requirements introduced for Ingrians
additional requirement for refugees and asylum seekers to receive cash allowances
stricter age limit for family reunification
voting rights extended to non-EU nationals
recruitment of turkish construction workers
temporary and permanent residency of palestinian family members prohibited
naturalisation of palestinian family members prohibited
introduction of safe country concept in refugee law
Those coming from a country on the safe transit country list
more information offices to guide foreigners in employment
Plan to reduce stock of irregular migrants
action plan against overstayers and irregular migrants
policy towards high skilled entry reiterated
eased entry for business people from APEC region
restricting access to justice for suspected terrorists
longer detention possible for suspected terrorists
national strategy to fight irregular migration
direction of migration and border surveillance created
irregular im and emigration criminalized
protection from expulsion for vulnerable people
right to work and access to social system for tolerated stay permit holders
detention of irregular migrants and asylum seekers allowed
introduction of visa requirement for neighbouring countries in the east
Readmission agreements with 21 countries
Those transiting through or originating from the countries listed
right to appeal rejection of residence permit introduced
end of temporary protection for people from bosnia
economic boom triggers need for migrant workers
temporary residence permit for family reunification created
spouses of permanent residents get work permit
new work permit for specialists introduced
asylum seekers get work permit during application
temporary residence permit for refugees created
collective temporary protection for refugees
family reunification for resettled refugees
permanent residence permit after four years
access to social system for asylum seekers
requirement to carry ID documents for foreigners
sanctions for irregular entry and stay introduced
interviews for marriage immigration introduced
amnesty for long term irregular migrants leaving Korea
amnesty for long term irregular migrants leaving Korea ends
reintegration incentives for argentinian researchers abroad
foreigners can now freely choose their accomodation
strategy for training programme for rural workers
gradual removal of military presence at borders
compulsory insurance system for Indian workers abroad
know india programme created for diaspora youth
deeper economic, social and political integration of ASEAN
fee on recruitment of high skilled workers
Easier access to work permit for visa-excempt citizens
Agreement with Morocco on border control
registration of minor irregular migrants
EU enlargement restricted labour market access
EU enlargement no restriction to labour market access
reduction of allowances permitted if migrant hinders clarification of identity
creation of KAKI commission to investigate admission policy for non EU citizens
EU enlargement no restricted labour market access
EU accession countries worker need to register
restricted access to social benefits for new EU MS
lower points requirements to qualify for highly skilled migrant programme
right to work for scientists and enginieers after graduation at UK institution
working holiday makers scheme extended and access facilitated
Those with holiday maker scheme agreements with the UK
increased technology to trace asylum seekers
sanctions for entering on unvalid travel documents
merger of appeal bodies and creation of asylum and immigration tribunal
medical care available to victims of human trafficking
clarification of pink card regime for diaspora
Those transiting through or originating from Kirghizstan
new procedure allows to dismiss manifestly unfounded claims in 72 hours
Initial reception Centers for asylum seekers created
asylum seekers not allowed to bring up new evidence in second instance
detention due to re-applying for asylum introduced
provinces now responsible for reception and care of asylum seekers
asylum seekers allowed to work after three months
asylum seekers allowed to work only in seasonal work
Seasonal workers ineligible for unemployment benefits.
asylum seekers again allowed to bring up new evidence in second instance
detention due to re-applying for asylum lifted
pilot scheme for seasonal horticultural workers
integration strategy and increased funding for integration measures
expansion of holiday makers scheme to norway and thailand
change in points attributed in skilled category
2004 enlargement restricted labour market access
new office to deal with anti-discrimination legislation
Those transiting through or originating from Sri Lanka
Those transiting through or originating from Moldavia
Those transiting through or originating from Algeria
regularisation only done on case by case
work access for international students after three years
council for immigration and integration abolished
New Unit against Trafficking in Human Beings created
Readmission agreement with Bulgaria, Serbia, Estonia and Slovakia
Those transiting through or originating from Bulgaria, Serbia, Estonia or Slovakia
communal voting rights granted to all foreigners after 5 years
expulsion of rejected asylum seekers who entered prior to april 2001
2004 enlargement restrictions for labour market access
Creation of scheme for high-skilled migrants
Temporary humanitarian residence extended to five years
no fast track any more for child asylum seekers
income requirement for family reunification increased
requirement of all-time identification of individuals
uninfluential but positive report on integration
Theo van Gogh murder and ensuing political debate
Integration contract extended to whole France
temporary residence permit created for seasonal workers
2004 Enlargement labour market restrictions
2004 EU enlargement restricted labour market access
residence requirement for access to welfare introduced
unit to deal with diaspora of irish abroad
ius soli right only for those with one irish parent or entitled to it, implemented in 2005
1935 act replaced, entry into Ireland requires passport
restricted access to labour market for international students
CH workers enjoy free mobility rights in EU Member states
easier naturalisation for second generation rejected in referendum
dismissed asylum seekers excluded from social assistance
widening of the temporary low-skilled worker programme
Arizona's law to report undocumented aliens
Additional quota for temporary high skilled workers with US degree
stricter rules on intercompany transfers
Raises the fee for residence, work and settlement permit
fast track asylum procedure for those from safe countries
EU 2004 enlargement transitional restrictions to labour market
EU 2004 enlargement transitional restrictions
work and residence permit merged for foreign workers
ethnic ukrainians can immigrate beyond quota
restructuring of the integration programme
EU 2004 enlargement labour market access restrictions
lower age limit for minors under family reunification
no general naturalisation entitlement anymore for second generation migrants
EU 2004 enlargement restrictions to labour market access
fast track for refugees from safe third countries
Those originating from or transiting through safe countries
temporary stay visa for victims of THB and prostitution
job search visa for graduates introduced
higher sanctions for irregular entry and stay
no time limit to apply for refugee status anymore
provisional stay for irregular migrants applying for refugee status
stable legal status for recognized refugees
decree on refugee status determination suspended
gradual free movement for Hungarian workers until 2011
free mobility for certain EU citizens to work and stay in Poland
UK, Ireland, Sweden, Malta, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,  Slovakia and Slovenia
work permit required from workers from countries where Polish workers need work permit (reciprocity)
France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Switzerland, Finland, Greece
integration programme for refugees created
no work permit needed for all categories of protected people
no work permit needed for spouses of polish citizens
free mobility for workers from countries which grant free mobility to Hungarian workers (reciprocity)
work permit required from workers from countries where Hungarian workers need work permit (reciprocity)
inter-ministerial committee on migration created
deportation not possible anymore when asylum application fully processed
spouses of HU nationals can work without permit
gradual free movement for Slovenian workers until 2011
free movement of workers for EU10 and UK, Ireland and SE
restrictions for workers from other EU countries
quota for newly issued work permits introduced
gradual free movement for Czech workers until 2011
eligibility widened for permanent residency on humanitarian ground
Ministry of Labour now responsible for integration matters
gradual free movement for Slovakian workers until 2011
free access to Slovak labour market for EU citizens
EU 2004 enlargement transitional restrictions introduced
resolution and report on temporary staffing agencies
facilitated recruitment system for low-skilled
quota for workers from visa-required countries reduced
eased entry for investors, longer period of stay
eased entry for high skilled, longer period of stay
eased entry for students, longer period of stay
right to family reunification guaranteed
children of argentinians abroad have permanent residency
protection of rights of argentinians abroad
equal access to social services and benefits for foreigners
access to health care and education for irregular migrants
public officials do not have to report irregular migrants anymore
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and Bolivia
deportation halted for irregular migrants from neighbouring countries
eased access to citizenship for diaspora
permanent residency possible for investors and those making oustanding contribution
permanent residency for high skilled foreigners
permanent residency possible for family members
Bilateral agreement with US on migrants rights
social integration programmes for migrants
stricter rules to avoid dual nationality
citizenship by registration for spouses after 7 years
citizenship by registration for diaspora members after 7 years
increased sanctions for illegal entry and stay
agreement with Uruguay on special status of border residents
Those crossing the frontier with Bolivia
strenghtening of existing rules on recruitment
pre-departure briefing on migrant workers
sanctions introduced for employers who do not follow rules of outbound recruitment
Funding for integration of health care professionals
Funding for facilitation of diploma recognition
Action Plan against racism commits funds
stay allowed to spouses during application process
quicker processing of parents applications
CAN, US, MEX agreement on border control and information exchange
Recruitment agreement with Ukraine on temporary workers
Recruitment agreement with Romania on temporary workers
integration report released suggesting affirmative action to counteract discrimination
scope of expulsion of certain asylum seekers extended
programmes to integrate migrants into the labour market
national integration strategy for refugees
Strategy for race equality and community cohesion
implementation of 2002 law, start of life in the UK test for naturalisation
National Action Plan for Asylum and Migration
Those transiting through or originating from Ukraine
introduction of sanctions for migrant smuggling
Those transiting through or originating from Poland or Czech Republic
Strenghtening requirement for naturalisation of adopted children
Enlargement of the Working Holiday Makers Programme
New visa for high skilled migrants going to rural areas
Creation of the Investor Retirement visa
increased residency requirement for naturalisation
removed special treatment of spouses in naturalisation
restricted access of children born in NZ to citizenship
passport can be refused for national security issues
information disclosure for border security
partners of students can apply for work permit
Those transiting through or originating from Philipines
decentralized asylum determination procedure (implementation of 2002 law)
Those transiting through or originating from Ghana
eased entry for entrepreneurs and investors
family members granted same working rights as the relative they join
students allowed to stay one year after studies
language requirements for family members of ethnic germans
eased deportation for grounds of national security
mandatory integration courses for new immigrants
naturalisation linked to compliance with german law and language knowledge
hardship commissions created for case by case regularisations
Those transiting through or originating from South Korea
harder fines for traffickers in human beings
Readmission agreement with Lithuania, Malta and Croatia
Those transiting through or originating from Lithuania, Malta or Croatia
More protection from expulsion for long term residents and other categories
Creation of Interministerial Committee on immigration control
jus soli principle abolished: restriction of access to citizenship for children born in Ireland
accelerated asylum procedure for certain cases
2005 draft legislation on foreigners (start of 2006/2008 law)
referendum accepts access to Schengen agreement
referendum accepts access to  Dublin agreement
referendum accepts extension of freedom of movement to EU10
readmission agreement with Benelux, Nigeria, Slovak Republic, Algeria, Greece and Afghanistan
Those transiting through or originating from Benelux countries, Nigeria, Slovak Republic, Algeria, Greece or Afghanistan.
NAFTA restrictions to Mexican professionals no longer into force
Border control with increased technology
expanded entry denial grounds for terrorists
expanded deportation grounds for terrorists
Increased requirements to access state ID documents
new category for australian professionals
Refugees can more easily get permanent residence, no cap
Working holiday maker agreement with New Zealand
eased access for refugees from Iraq and Vietnam
eased access to temporary residence for Iraqis
compulsory language and social courses for new migrants
Readmission agreements with Bosnia, Croatia, Switzerland and Afghanistan
Those transiting through or originating from Bosnia, Croatia, Switzerland or Afghanistan
no visa requirement for EU and US citizens, citizens of Canada, Japan, Switzerland, Norway and Iceland
EU countries, US, Canada, Japan, Switzerland,   Norway,  Iceland
declaration of integration to be signed by family reunification applicants
more sanctions for those who support irregular migrants
plan suggests more control on integration and access to permanent residency
more language courses offered to accepted asylum seekers
quota on number of palestinians who can naturalize via marriage
committee to consult on immigration policy
pre-clearance system for migrants from China and Korea
investors and business peple exempt from labour market test
high skilled exempted from labour market test
refugees exempted from labour market test
repatriation of irregular migrants from mali and senegal
eased access to labour market for specific protected groups
eased naturalisation for ethnic hungarians
family reunification granted to refugees
simplification of application for residency and work permit
family members of OECD states get eased access to residence permit
no work permits anymore for low skilled from non-EU countries
voting rights for permanent residents after three years
EU Russia roadmap on migration and border control
Action plan for improved border management
Readmission agreements with Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Honduras
Those transiting through or originating from Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua or Honduras
slightly lower requirements for SADC workers
longer waiting time for spouse to naturalize
exemption from carrier liabilities possible
ius sanguinis for children of Chileans abroad without residency requirement
right to vote for citizens with 1 year residency
improved access to education for children of migrants
clearer rules on standards for accomodation that employers have to guarantee
new integration programme for high skilled
widening of right to minimum income to all legal migrants
EU enlargement free labour market access
widening of social allowance to children to all legal migrants
EU directive on reception of asylum seekers implemented
shorter residence requirements for naturalisation
eased access to Portugal-born children of foreigners
refugee definition widened to include gender and sexual preference
regularisation of rejected asylum seekers
more protection of unaccompanied children
more transparent appeal process for asylum determination
asylum seekers can work if decision is expected to take more than 4 months
Report of the KAKI committee proposes changes of Alien Act, that will partly be introduced in the 2008 Act
SBS only available for RO and BG citizens
introduction of a five-tier economic migration points-based system by influential report
change in points for high skilled migration program to align with general PBS
right of appeal restricted for refused entry clearance for dependants
right of appeal restricted for refused entry clearance for students
more surveillance and control on travellers
potential terrorists excluded from refugee protection
longer time for non-European refugees to register for asylum
slight relaxation of ethnic immigration policy
minimum wage for family reunification introduced
integration and language requirements expanded for residents
financial support for asylum seekers enshrined
procedure that allowed to dismiss manifestly unfounded claims in 72 hours cancelled
deportation during appeal of asylum claim possible
citizenship and language test introduced
right to be elected in works councils for foreigners
simpler and quicker procedures for high skilled
regional alert system to detect use of invalid travel documents
introduction of age limit for sponsoring of children and siblings
new uncapped family sponsored stream for partners and children of citizens
new minimum income requirement for sponsors of parents
new multiple entry visa for parents and grandparents
2004 enlargement labour restrictions lifted
Labour agreement with Gambia, Guinea and Senegal
Readmission agreement with Gambia, Guinea and Senegal
Those transiting through or originating from Gambia, Guinea and Senegal
Those transiting through or originating from Bulgaria.
integration summit to discuss integration policy
regularisation through right to continued stay arrangement
Readmission agreement with Romania and Congo
Those transiting through or originating from Romania or Congo
penalisation of marriages of convenience
no labour market test for those on shortage list
hunger strikes and church occupations by asylum seekers continue
new court for appeals for all immigration matters
stricter rules on family reunion and reunification
better protection for victims of trafficking
facilitation of temporary labour immigration
family reunification with children liberalized
Creation of pre-entry exam for family members
certain nationalities exempted from pre-entry exam
EU, Switzerland, Monaco, Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Koreal United States
proposal for modern migration policy, more targetted
Proposal for strenghtening of sliding scale principle
proposal for high-skilled migration policy
start of discourse on chosen immigration
new temporary residence permit for high skilled and ICTs
eased working rights for students during and after studies
Integration contract made mandatory for all over 16
creation of new deportation measure, obligation to leave
creation of Eloi to store information on irregular migrants
Agreement on migration management with Senegal
more inter-institutional coordination on migration
creation of single stay and work permit depending on labour market
creation of permanent residency after 5 years
easier access to residence permits to specific skilled workers
lower language requirements for students
legal migrants have equal access to social benefits and rights
income requirement for family reunification raised
longer duration of temporary work permit
legal rights granted to immigrant in case of expulsion
expulsion forbidden for specific groupd of minors, parents, elderly and refugees
EU 2004 enlargement free access to labour market
eased naturalization for ethnic greek albanians
new institution to control employment rights
first integration measures for all migrants
wider definition and rights for family members of EU citizens
Readmission agreements with Hong Kong, Macedonia and Moldova
Those transiting through or originating from Hong Kong, Macedonia or Moldova
children get automatically citizenship (also dual if applicable)
stricter wage and working conditions rules for hiring labour migrants
reception conditions of rejected asylum seekers altered
job search visa for students after graduation
targetted actions towards strenghtening links with diaspora
government bill presented to strenghten immigration and integration rules
rules of conduct for naturalisation strenghtened
applicant for naturalisation must be self supporting
language test for naturalisation level raised
citizenship exam introduced (implemented in 2007)
work permit for asylum seekers if no response after 9 months
one-time decision to grant permanent residency to some foreign worker families
freedom for worker to move between employers and employment agencies
eased entry and longer stay for high skilled
passenger information has to be revealed in advance
eased access to permanent residency for high skilled
first Euro-African Ministerial Conference on M&D
right to vote for diaspora re-introduced
free access to labour market for EU nationals
special permanent stay permit introduced for EU nationals
eased access to employment of seasonal agricultural workers from bordering countries
national visa for ethnic hungarians introduced
facilitated naturalisation for international students
longer waiting time for naturalisation of spouses
more generations eligible for facilitated naturalisation
quasi citizenship regime created for slovenian minorities abroad
free mobility of workers for other EU members states
permanent residency possible after 5 years
updated legislation on students and trainees
eased entry for family members of EU citizens
voluntary return programme for irregular korean-russians and korean-chinese
multiple re-entry permits for Chinese students
Council for Protection of Human Rights and Interests of Foreign Nationals created
eased entry procedures at airports, less bureaucracy
cooperation with CIS on irregular migration and THB
Those originating from, transiting through or entering the CIS countries
recruitment and resettlement of compatriotes
action plan for economic development includes migration
CONARE created to adjudicate asylum claims
CONARE created to foster integration of refugees
no expulsion of asylum seekers and refugees
Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela
PBS for skilled workers introduced in Hong Kong
equal treatment of rural and urban workers suggested
central americans can expedite their removal to shorten detention period
scheme for overseas citizens of india created
scholarship programme created for diaspora youth
special refugee section created in migration department
new agency to manage placement of Indonesian workers
citizenship rules for children of mixed couples changed
reintegration support for former labour migrants
no quota on provincial nominee programme
victims of human trafficking allowed to work
Visa lifted for Czech Republic and Latvia
Facilitation of citizenship for children adoped overseas
Office created to enhance credentials recognition of foreign workers
case by case regularisation mechanism introduced
preventive imprisonment of irregular migrants forbidden
stricter sanctions for smuggling illegal migrants
language requirement for permanent residency
stricter requirements for Iraqi refugees
black list of municipalities not participating in the integration of refugees
language training combined with part time job for new arrivals
Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality created
reintegration support for certain migrants whose application was rejected
EU enlargement  restricted labour market access
expansion of the life in the UK test to permanent residents
immigration officers given detention, search and seizure power
compulsory biometric identity documents (implemented in 2008)
automatic deportation of certain foreign criminals
higher residency conditions for immigrants with limited leave to remain
integration platform created to coordinate integration policy
Readmission agreement with FR, Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia
Those transiting through or originating from France, Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Macedonia
stricter requirements for naturalisation, including citizenship test
Targetted change in points for skilled migrants
new mechanism for family reunification for refugees
total cap on parents and children replaced by category-specific one
Readmission agreement with Bosnia Herzegowina
Those transiting through or originating from Egypt
EU 2007 enlargement labour market restrictions
liberal reform proposed in Parliament, but not voted
recovery of Spanish citizenship for descendants of exiled spaniards during franco regime
more staff and resources for granting entry to high-skilled
migration management agreement with Ukraine
2007 enlargement labour market restrictions
Labour agreement with Mali, Cape Verde, Niger
Readmission agreement with Mali, Cape Verde, Niger
Those transiting through or originating from Mali, Cape Verde, Niger
agreement with Morocco on unaccompanied minors
2007 enlargement restricted access to DE labour market
quicker access to residence permit for long term residents of third countries
family members of high skilled exempt from stricter criteria
regularisation through old cases arrangement
EU 2007 enlargement restricted labour market access
material aid for asylum seekers reformed
more control via reception facilities of asylum seekers and subsequent reception crisis
legal basis for assisted voluntary return
integration exam compulsory for all to access benefits and residency
labour market restrictions for RO and BG
students can stay longer to look for work
eased entry for family members of high skilled
Agreement on migration management with Benin
Agreement on migration management with Congo
Agreement on migration management with Gabon
2007 EU Enlargement labour market restrictions
Creation of Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Co-Development
need to verify work permit before employing foreigner
test for family reunification to pass in country of origin
integration contract for family reunification
eased access to employee on mission and competencies and talents residence cards
occupation list for third country nationals
case-by-case regularisation of foreigners with highly sought skills
asylum seekers appeal of denied entry now suspends the decision
fingerprinting allowed of third country nationals asking for stay permit
EU 2007 enlargement restrictions labour market access
regularisation of irregular migrants facilitated
creation of the green card for skill shortage occupations
quicker access to permanent residency for green card holders
immediate family reunification for green card holders
more difficult access for low skilled workers
2007 enlargement no free access to labour market
graduates allowed to stay on after studies
office of the minister for integration created
access to asylum restricted via ID papers
Those having applied for asylum in another safe country
EU-CH full free movement of persons  implemented
Higher level of documentation required for entry
Returning workers were now included in the cap
decline of inflows due to more border control and economic downturn
State creation of measures in absence of federal reform.
Increased regulation of labour certifications puts more burden on employers
Liberians do not enjoy humanitarian protection anymore
EU 2007 enlargement transitional restrictions to labour market
students allowed to work part time during studies
residence for long term rejected asylum seekers
Readmission agreements  with the Russian Federation and Vietnam
Those transiting through or originating from the Russian Federation or Vietnam
EU 2007 enlargement free access to labour market
Government migration programme to foster labour migration
local border traffic agreement with Hungary
Welfare Agreement to improve integration of migrants
change in financial requirements for family reunification
EU 2007 enlargement labour market access restrictions
citizenship test introduced (2006 circular implementation)
more occupations open for job card scheme
integration test for access to permanent residency introduced
training for rejected asylum seekers ready to return
2007 enlargement restricted access to labour market
2004 enlargement free access to labour market
list of safe countries  of origin created
temporary and permanent residency of  family members of enemy states prohibited
Iran, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Libya, Sudan, Syria, Iraq, Pakistan, Yemen
naturalisation of enemy states spouses prohibited
end of temporary protection for Liberians
end of temporary protection for Sierra Leonese
employers have to report hiring of foreign workers
new national strategy to fight irregular migration
agreement with spain on unaccompanied minors
moroccan mothers can transmit citizenship
Polish ethnicity card grants right to enter, stay and work
Polish Ethnicity Card grants access to social services
eased access to employment for seasonal workers from bordering countries
labour inspectors can now examine migration status
consolidation of freedom of movement of EU citizens
family reunification for recognized refugees extended
EU 2007 enlargement no direct free access to labour market
special language classes for children with migration background
free movement of workers for Romania and Bulgaria
asylum seekers now allowed to reapply directly after negative decision
language knowledge as condition for permanent residency (2009)
waiting period for permanent residency for spouses
family members of czech citizens have equal rights on labour market
subsidiary protection seekers can work without permit
restrictive changes to naturalisation procedure
new department for migration and integration created
tolerated residency now also for victims of THB
language test for naturalisation introduced (implemented in 2009)
stricter economic requirement for naturalisation
2007 enlargement temporary restriction introduced
shift in recruitment systems, end of ITTP
H-2 visa created within EPS for ethnic Koreans living in China and ex USSR
foreigners treatment act enacted, implemented in 2009
agreement with Uzbekistan on fight against irregular migrants
Those transiting through, originating from or entering Uzbekistan
temporary residence permit holders need additional work permit
Those transiting through or originating from the EU
Those transiting through or originating from Uzbekistan
eased access to permanent residency for Brazilians
facilitation of voting right for citizens abroad
equal treatment of rural and urban workers
new passport system with clearer and more objective rules
passport denied to criminals and illegal emigrants
agreement with US to foster fight against THB
migration policy both at regional and national level, complexification
mini diapora conferences held outside of India
eased exit for those indians requiring an emigration check
free mobility of skilled workers by 2015
change in processing of work permit applications
Expansion of employment access for students
Extension of work permit for post-graduates
Easier access to work permit for high skilled  US and Mexicans
More bureaus abroad for labour integration
creation of Observatory for Human Trafficking
proposal to introduce financial requirement for family reunification
reintegration aid for failed asylum seekers raised
2008 reform result of a decade of debate
two-year work visa linked to employer demand, no skills selection
immediate family reunification for all workers
foreign workers get same social rights as natives
students have access to work after six months of studies
rejected asylum seekers can apply as labour migrants
liberal policy towards iraqi refugees ends
Green paper on citizenship calls for stricter rules
SAWS only available for RO and BG citizens
local immigration teams created to control immigration within the borders
cumpulsory ID card for foreign nationals created (2007 law)
Taskforce within MOI to develop new migration and asylum law
work right for family members of researchers
Simplification of student work permit procedure
Start of pacific seasonal labour worker pilot scheme
facilitation of temporary employment of Chinese skilled workers
Increased salary requirement for holders of talent work permit
cap on most Working Holiday maker schemes removed
cap for recognised seasonal employer programme raised
Introduction of transit visas to all travel via New Zealand
sanction for renting to irregular migrants
liberal draft citizenship law, not approved
agreement with senegal on unaccompanied minors
Those transiting through or originating from Senegal
Those countries having signed bilateral agreements with Spain on social security
Hardship commissions continued without time limit
introduction of language and citizenship test
Those transiting through or originating from Armenia
for the first time Minister for Migration and Asylum appointed
marriages with foreigners under more control for three years
new unit to facilitate Economic migration
asylum seekers access to labour market after 6 months
individual accomodation for irregular families with children
Readmission agreement with Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Macedonia and Ecuador
Those transiting through or originating from Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Macedonia or Ecuador
introduction of points system for entrepreneurs and self employed
municipalities obliged to offer civic integration facilities
France launches refugee resettlement programme with UNHCR
Agreement on migration management with Cap Verde
Agreement on migration management with Tunisia
Agreement on migration management with Mauritius
agreement with bulgaria on cross border crime and migration control
extension of family reunification of refugees
permanent residence for children born in Greece
lower requirements for entry of family members of EU citizens
readmission agreements with Romania, Bulgaria and Bosnia-Herzegovina
Those transiting through or originating from Romania, Bulgaria or Bosnia-Herzegovina
non-EU low-skilled migration channels closed
non-EU migration restricted to high-skilled
higher sanctions for irregular migration
integration enshrined in law for first time
family reunification for short term workers
integration agreement linked to granting of permits
implementation of 2005 referendum on schengen
implementation of 2005 referendum on  dublin
affirmative action for administration positions
action plan against THB contains special section on unaccompanied minors
strategy to attract international students
EU directive on eased entry for scientists implemented
local border traffic agreement with the Slovak Republic
convention on legal status of CIS migrant workers
Expanding positive list scheme to lower qualifications
requirements for pay limit scheme lowered
green card scheme expanded to three year validity
new division to deal with radicalisation
reception desk for new young immigrants created
no removal of trafficking victims for 90 days
new sanctions for irregular entry and stay
new sanctions for those helping irregular migrants to enter
work allowed after studies under certain criteria
immediate family reunification for high skilled
decision to expell all irregular migrants in Israel
Immigration Authority created in Ministry of Interior
care workers from Indonesia and Philipines can enter
care workers from Indonesia and Philipines can access permanent residency after passing exam
discussion about more liberal entry of high skilled
new council for moroccan community abroad
longer period without work permit allowed for seasonal workers from bordering countries
Moldovan citizens also eased access to temporary work permits
proposal to simplify work permit procedure dismissed
Individual Integration Programme extended to those under subsidiary protection
campain to incite return of polish diaspora
family reunification for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection
reform of the reception system for asylum seekers
extended language courses for refugees and subsidiary protected people
sanctions for aquiring and transporting irregular migrants
integration programme for all migrants created
new conditions for getting a visa introduced
work permit for asylum seekers after 12 months
eased re-entry  and employment for returned EPS workers
Action Plan to decrease number of irregular migrants
Promises for more openness towards skilled foreigners
eased access to permanent residence status for investors
eased access to permanent residence status for highly skilled
eased access to  residence status for overseas koreans after two years
quota for visa free foreign citizens lowered
new pension system that will allow migrant workers to assure their pensions
programm to attract high-skilled workers
return programm for high skilled returnees
diaspora can vote for presidential elections
irregular entry and stay not a crime anymore
new visa for agricultural workers from Guatemala and Belize
eased visitor entry for Guatemalans in border regions
Those transiting through or originating from Cuba
violent attacks on foreigners did not trigger policy responses on integration
access to health care for youth regardless of legal status
labour recruitment agreement with Jordan
increased support for migrant workers abroad
stricter requirements for low skilled temporary workers
Resources for better labour market integration
limits access to citizenship by descent (ius sanguinis)
gives citizenship to specific categories
students with specific status can access education benefits
lowering of means of subsistence requirement for all permits
anti-discrimination legislation unified and strenghtened
third country students have to pay university fees from 2011 on
new requirements for students to be sponsered
fingerprinting of foreign criminals allowed
introduction of probationary citizenship period before naturalisation
access to benefits restricted during probationary citizenship
no visa anymore for Syria, Georgia, Lebanon, Jordan and Russia
clarification of the naturalization regime
Creation of Entrepreneur Plus category for investors
facilitation of  employment of skilled workers from Viet Nam and Philippines
introduced sanctions for illegal entry and stay
longer period of naturaliasation through marriage
eased access to labour market for graduates of IT unis
high-skilled can be exempted from labour market test
renewal of residence permit linked to integration
Those transiting through or originating from Libya
restrictive draft citizenship law, not approved
Reduction of Catalogue of Occupations in Short supply and of recruitment at source
additional guarantees under international protection
creation of subsidiary protection status
commitment to launch annual resettlement programm
loosening of restrictions for one-year work permits
sanctions increased for supporting irregular migration
extension of rights to all residents, including irregular
income requirements for family reunification
eased access to labour market for for graduates of german educational institutions
eased access to labour market for university graduates from new EU MS
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania and Bulgaria
eased access to labour market for specific skills categories
longer employment period for low skilled
ad hoc resettlement programme for iraqis
doctors do not need to pass on data on irregular migrants anymore
Readmission agreement with Armenia, Kosovo, Vietnam and Russia
Those transiting through or originating from Armenia, Kosovo, Vietnam or Russia
DNA testing for family reunification  introduced everywhere
asylum seeker reception crisis continued
exemption of work permits extended to CEOs
Creation of points based system for highly educated migrants
introduces possibility to revoke citizenship
introduction of statement of allegiance in naturalisation ceremony
restored immediate naturalisation of children recognized by NL citizen
proposal to delete categorical protection for asylum seekers
Agreement on migration management with Brazil
Agreement on migration management with Burkina Faso
Agreement on migration management with Cameroon
Agreement on migration management with Russia
Agreement on migration management with Macedonia
Agreement on migration management with Montenegro
Agreement on migration management with Serbia
creation of 10 year residence permit for exceptional economic contribution
new visa including the residence permit for the first year
restriction of eligibility for voluntary return
renewal of work permits now labour market test subjected
restriction of high skilled work permits
spouses now need to apply for work permits
eased criteria for resident foreign workers to stay in Ireland
regularisation for specific category of undocumented workers
discussions about restricting student status and stronger controls
asylum seekers have no access to welfare system anymore
extension of freedom of movement to BG and RO
immigrants children now covered by health insurance
temporary work for asylum seekers eliminated
more staff to inform about fast track applications
Readmission agreements  with Burundi,  Iraq and Serbia and Montenegro
Those transiting through or originating from Burundi,  Iraq or Serbia and Montenegro
EU directive on minimum standards for refugee procedure implemented
biometric passports and travel documents
local border traffic agreement with Poland
more categories of workers under labour market test
stricter financial requirement for entry
EU 2004 enlargements labour market access restrictions ceased
EU 2007 enlargements labour market access restrictions ceased
specific board to deal with discriminations
marriage of convenience criminalized - not implemented
longer residency requirement for naturalisation
language test for naturalisation introduced
language leave created to foster integration
quotas reduced or eliminated for foreign workers in important sectors
change in immigration responsibility towards MOI
eased naturalisation for children of japanese non married parents
return programme for unemployed diaspora members established
centralisation of registration of foreign residents
facilitated access to work for students having studied in Poland
requirements for family reunification changed
Georgian citizens also eased access to temporary work permits
new citizenship act passed, enters into force in 2012
border guards can now also check migration status of workers
agreement with Ukraine creates special permit for border area residents
subsidiary protection holders can work without permit
free mobility granted to all remaining EU states
stricter examination of citizenship entitlement
integration measures planned to be expanded to all migrants
no visas anymore needed for Serbia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Montenegro
Serbia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Montenegro
quota for newly issued work permits reduced
strategy to attract high skilled and students
working group on migration policy established
shortage occupations now also subject to labour market test
ban on entrepreneurs and business people from Kosovo
more pressure on employers to use their employment permits
regional distribution of quota introduced, favouring former yugoslavian countries except Kosovo
All nationalities except former Yugoslav countries and EU countries
less inflows and more outflows due to economic crisis
quotas on work permits for nationals of specific countries
Vietnam, Moldova, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine
unemployed granted two months to find new job
no work permit needed for family members of CZ residents
no work permit needed for students and graduates
return assistance for unemployed foreigners
return assistance also for unemployed irregular workers
virtual fence installed at Ukrainian border
language test for naturalisation introduced in 2007, implemented
eased re-entry  for returned EPS workers
Oversea koreans have access to permanent residency
extension of maximum stay period for Korean diaspora
voting rights for diaspora in presidential and legislative elections
facilitated naturalisation procedure for former USSR citizens living in FSU countries abolished
increasing permanent migration, also from China
expansion of visitor visa for Guatemalans
more coordination to monitor southern border
moratorium on deportation of Zimbabweans
military presence at borders reintroduced
new requirements for renewal of travel visa
recruitment via recruitment agent restricted
creation of forgery proof IDs to fight irregular migration
work visa for skilled workers restricted
direct access to permanent residency for investors
eased permanent residence for Argentinians
recognition of certificates between MERCOSUR
discussion on voting rights for diaspora
New business travel program for mexicans
minister to designate safe third countries
More funding for integration of resettled refugees
quota introduced for on shortage list permits
language test for permanent residents entries through high skilled programme
eased access for foreign students to portuguese education resources
financial requirement for family reunification added
right to work for asylum seekers since first day
financial incentive for new immigrants to learn swedish
integration of refugees now at national level, more regulated and proactive
no quota for investors and entrepreneurs
reform on student visas under discussion
language requirements for family migrants
return programme for  irregular or asylum seeking  children and families
new equality act to strenghten anti discrimination rules
Creation of the Directorate on Turks and Relative Communities Living Abroad
eased access to work permit for asylum seekers
stricter employer conditions to sponsor a work permit
modernization of visa procedures and security
protection from deportation abolished for certain asylum seekers
possibility to deprive deliquent refugees of status
requirement to register for certain asylum seekers
minimum age for spouse family reunification raised
Creation of a Federal Office for Asylum and Migration planned (implemented in 2014)
More targetted and strict skills lists for high-skilled immigrants
new visa to attract young high skilled graduates
Higher requirements for Chinese Holiday workers
biometric data collection and sharing allowed
restrictive changes the sponsorship system
max 30% foreign-born non-Italian students in a single classroom.
API system deployed for passenger control
Those transiting through or originating from Kosovo
measure to grant citizenship to specific categories
pilot project for religious residence permit
new expulsion procedure for rejected asylum seekers
income requirements for family reunification lowered
pilot project on circular migration with south africa and indonesia
civic integration requirements for permanent residency (implementation)
Agreement on migration management with Lebanon
Exchange of young professionals with Gabon
voting rights granted to long term residents in local elections
migrant councils created in each municipality
institute to study migration and foster integration abolished
Greece transformed into main entry point for irregular migrants
certain medical workers don’t need employment permit
access to benefits for EU citizens restricted
family reunification tightened for EU citizens
labour control restricted for EU citizens
automatic deportation of criminal foreigners voted in popular initiative
biometric data included in swiss passports and travel documents
Readmission agreement with Kosovo, Kazakhstan, Moldavia and Benin
Those transiting through or originating from Kosovo, Kazakhstan, Moldavia or Benin
Honduan citizens do not benefit anymore from humanitarian protection
Nicaragua citizens do not benefit anymore from humanitarian protection
Higher requirements for low-skilled non-immigrants
El Salvador citizens do not benefit anymore from humanitarian protection
More funding for southwest border control
Readmission agreements  with Armenia and Kazakhstan
Those transiting through or originating from Armenia or Kazakhstan
permit for skilled migrants consolidated
eased work integration for international students
specific regime for certain unskilled workers
status of asylees and people under protection upgraded to refugee status
expulsion protection for irregular workers with family in Norway
no labour market test for seasonal workers
bill to extend job search visa for students after graduation
forensic tests allowed to determine age of asylum seeker
right to work after 6 months if no identity revealed, after 3 months otherwise
living allowance for asylum seekers reduced
PBS introduced to grant permanent residency
stricter requirements for entry of spouse
substantial change of voluntary return programme
Migration and Integration Strategy of Denmark until 2020
integration courses extended to EU migrants
fast track for investors - not implemented
Tax benefits when employing foreign high skilled workers
political discussions about new immigration law
stricter sanctions against irregular employment
fence built on the border with Egypt to curb irregular migration from Africa
Migration programme with Sri Lanka on agricultural workers
immigration plan to attract high skilled
integration plan for foreign residents of japanese descent
strategy to attract more high skilled and international students
no time limit any more for foreign nurses with japanese licences
stricter registration requirements for foreign workers
study on opening work permits for specific labour migrants
eased access to employment for seasonal workers from bordering countries, extended to Moldova and Georgia
Belarus, Russia, Ukraine,  Moldova, Georgia
new migration policy strategy adopted by interministerial working group
integration measures for foreign children in schools
eased access to residence permit for entrepreneurs
integration programme for minor refugees created
beneficiaries of subsidiary protection excluded from preferential family reunficiation procedure
manifestly unfounded claims can be rejected without examination, safe third country rule
Those who originate from or transited through a safe third country
family reunification restricted to pre-existing relations
right to stay eliminated for subsequent asylum applicants
quicker access to labour market for asylum seekers
earlier access to free legal aid for asylum seekers
investors allowed to start working immediately
ICTs allowed to start working immediately
employers to inform police of expiration of workers' contracts
department for migration and integration abolished
temporary stay permit for victims of THB
skills training programme for foreign workers launched
amnesty for irregular migrants who leave voluntarily before the G20 summit in Korea
amnesty for irregular migrants who leave voluntarily before the G20 summit in Korea ends
rules for the return of workers under  EPS
Basic Plan for Multicultural Family Policy increases support to multicultural families
Basic Plan for Multicultural Family Policy restricts criteria for immigration through marriage
residency  for migrant workers through PBS
family reunification possible for F-2 permit holders
new licencing introduced that allows to work without work permit for temporary period
local border traffic agreement with Latvia and Norway
russian citizens abroad gain same rights than those in the country
temporary residence on humanitarian grounds and for reasons of natural disaster
local initiatives to foster integration of migrants
more rights granted to irregular migrants
visa waiver for those with valid visa for the US
stricter criteria for receiving and prolonging stay permits
draft emigration management bill, not enacted yet
e-government system for immigration and visas launched
stricter rules on retirement pay of oversea workers
introduction of minimum salary for foreign workers
X visa still available for family members
stricter rules for foreign doctors work permits
training fee for migrant workers abolished
draft bill on better working conditions for domestic workers at home and abroad
Restrictive changes to temporary foreign worker programme
extra places for PhD students to apply for work permit
family reunification restricted for students
Quota introduced for Tier 2 and Tier 1 workers
Shortage occupations list for tier 2 severely reduced
Readmission agreement with Pakistan and Russia
Those transiting through or originating from Pakistan, Russia
points based system for sought-for skilled workers (red-white-red card)
6 months job search visa for international students, as well as RWR card
EU 2004 enlargement free labour market access
mobility restriction for new asylum seekers
automatic legal aid for rejected asylum seekers
Creation of a Secretary of State for Integration
First ever population strategy highlighting importance of migration
review of student entry programme, more control but more freedom
Working holiday scheme with Turkey and Slovakia
temporary permit for migration due to arab spring
Those transiting through or originating from North African countries
agreements with Libya and Tunisia on irregular migration management
Those transiting through or originating from Tunisia or Libya
new generation migration agreements with Egypt, Moldova, Albania and Sri Lanka
integration agreement created for non-EU citizens staying more than one year
expulsion of certain EU citizens possible
introduction of geographical and occupation restrictions on initial work and residence permits
new sanctions for illegal immigration methods
more protection for unemployed foreigners
Strategy to combat racism and discrimination
Reduction of Catalogue of Occupations in Short supply
reintroduction of labour market restrictions for RO
more legal security for victims of forced marriage
longer waiting period for spouse before independent right of residence
labour market restrictions raised for EU8 entered in 2004
regularisation for youths with long-term exceptional leave to remain
partners of workers now free access to labour market
law on detention of illegally staying families with minor children
cutting of material assistance for specific asylum seekers
tightened requirements for highly skilled migration scheme
EU blue card implemented in the Netherlands
higher language requirements for family migrants
EU sanctions directive more rights for irregular workers
EU sanctions directive stricter employer sanctions
naturalisation made conditional on respect of integration contract
reduction of shortage occupation list for third country nationals
new asylum service and refugee determination procedure
creation of reception service for asylum seekers
eased access to long term residence permit
creation of one stop services for permit issuing
new case by case regularisation possibility
visa waiver programme for tourists of some countries
civil partners assimilated to spouses for naturalisation
new requirement added to declaration of fidelity and loyalty in naturalisation ceremony
information exchange agreement between UK and Ireland
introduction of two different quotas for third country and EU nationals
interdepartmental strategy group to create IBM strategy for CH
Entry exit system for immigration control abolished
A lot of discussion but no decisions in the area of immigration policy
Somalians do not enjoy humanitarian protection anymore
stepchildren of family migrant can enter
introduction programme extended to other groups
more language classes required for permanent residency
Readmission agreements signed with Ukraine, Tanzania, Georgia and Kosovo
Those transiting through or originating from Ukraine, Tanzania, Kosovo, Georgia
elections context, anti immigration party wins
new integration act extends integration measures to all
new nationality act lowers required time of residency
voluntary return proposed to people with removal decision
national action plan on migration policy
renewal of refugee document every 6 months
longer detention period for irregular migrants
expulsion of protected people now forbidden
government change and change in policy objectives
passive voting right now also for non EU citizens
welcome and integration contract introduced
fast track for refugees and longer list of safe countries
expulsion of children given birth in Israel repealed
resettlement of the members of the Ethiopian community of Falash Mura to Israel
Recruitment agreement for agricultural workers with Thailand
care worker can stay over 63 months in humanitarian cases
restriction of mobility of care workers between employers
indirect right to work for tolerated asylum seekers and refugees
effect of earthquake on migrant population
signature of anti trafficking UN protocol
rights to foreigners in Morocco laid down in constitution
protection of diaspora laid down in constitution
agreement with Belarus creates special permit for border area residents
facilitated naturalisation for people of hungarian descent
employers have to check legal status of workers
readmission agreements with Kosovo, Serbia, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia.
Those transiting through or originating from Kosovo, Serbia, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia.
quota for work permits now optional instrument
stricter requirements for long term stay
status change into self-employment only possible after two years
new methodology to count foreigner stocks
new strategy on entry and integration of migrants
new sanctions against irregular employment
dual citizenship allowed for certain categories
job search visa for international graduates
change in system to grant employer permits
language and cultural courses for workers under the EPS
social security rights granted to CIS migrants
eased citizenship for Kyrgyz citizens abolished
agreement that argentinians in venezuela are regularised
common border control between Uruguay and Argentina
Those crossing the frontier with Uruguay
asylum application now also possible after entry
gender and discrimination now ground for asylum
family reunification for temporary migrants
permanent residency to refugees and other protected people
access to education and health care for irregular and regular migrants
access to justice and new instruments to fight against discrimination
sanctions for violation of migrant rights introduced
expulsion of migrants with more legal safeguards
overall direction of immigration amendment act
replacement of exceptional skills by critical skills visa
pre-screening for asylum seekers introduced
shorter time for asylum seekers to apply for asylum
moratorium on deportation of Zimbabweans ended
broadening of rights of diaspora members, bill not passed yet
reintegration programme for returning workers
several agreements with Bangladesh on improved and more secure border control
Those crossing the border with Bangladesh
THB victims get temporary residence permit
legal assistance to migrant workers abroad
recruitment ban for Egypt, Syria and Libya
labour recruitment agreement with Singapore
announcement to send skilled workers as well
better working conditions for indonesian workers in Taiwan
carriers have to check visas of their passengers
more search and control powers for immigration officers
spouses eligible for permanent residency
children of temporary migrants get temporary stay permit
investors and social workers can access permanent residency after 3 years
creation of protection teams for overseas workers
Economic action plan favouring high skilled migration
access to benefits restricted for rejected asylum seekers
stricter treatment of asylum seekers from safe countries of origin
stricter detention procedures for asylum seekers
language requirement for naturalisation taken more seriously
sticter requirements for recruitment in certain sectors
new graduate entrepreneurs route in tier 1
new visitor visa for high skilled professionals
longer period before permanent residency of family members
tourists have to stay out of turkey 3 months in each 6 month period
Readmission agreement with Bosnia Herzegowina and Moldova
Those transiting through or originating from Bosnia Herzegovina, Moldova
special status for ex-turks abroad and their children
citizens abroad can now vote in country of residence
deadlock on EU-Turkey readmission and visa facilitation agreements
minor asylum seekers allowed to do apprenticeship
Nauru and Papua New Guinea become regional processing countries for refugees
Stricter requirements for family reunification for refugees
Private sponsorship for refugees created
Seasonal Worker Program created for Pacific region
more complex procedure for skilled migration programme
extension of job search visa for unemployed work permit holders
Popular initiative to ease naturalisation requirements
more difficult renewals due to economic situation
health care access for irregular migrants restricted
resettlement programme for north africans
easier procedure for recognition of foreign qualifications
EU Blue card introduced with lower salary threshold
Access to labour market for family members of EU Blue card holders
work permit for foreigners with german vocational degree
default approval of labour market test if no answer in 2 weeks
introduction of safe country of origin list
Those on the safe country of origin list (revised at least yearly)
biometric visa checks introduced at some borders
access to social benefits restricted to EU citizens and threir family members
Those transiting through or originating from Montenegro
access for family members independent residence permit extended
easier access to work permit for foreign master graduates
need for more economic migration says action plan
repeal of student circulaires limiting access to work
big continuous operation against irregular migration
2007 enlargement free labour market access
quicker asylum procedure for visa-exempt european countries
new system to prioritize asylum applications
temporary relief from removal for irregular migrants, right to work
higher language requirements for permanent residency
assistance to illegal migrants not really a crime
immediate family reunification for blue card holders
biometric documents introduced for Ukrainian citizens
detention without court decision possible
initiative to increase labour market participation of immigrants
cash allowances for new migrants replaced by direct access to social assistance
change in requirements for permanent residency
work allowed for refugees after six months
reduction in social aid for asylum seekers
Those transiting through or originating from Russia
Recruitment agreement for construction workers with Bulgaria
unlimited detention of irregular migrants allowed
asylum seekers not allowed to send remittances
higher work fees for those who employ asylum seekers
asylum seekers and stateless people barred from filing lawsuits in Israel
end of temporary protection to people from Ivory Coast
PBS introduced to ease entry of high skilled
quicker permanent residency for high skilled
local border traffic agreement with Russia on Kaliningrad District
strategy document adopted by Council of Ministers
new naturalisastion route possible for integrated people
restoring citizenship to those denaturalized in the past
action plan with Serbia to combat irregular migrants
eased permanent residency for high skilled
new constitution consolidates existing system
readmission agreement with Bosnia Herzegowina
labour agreement with Bosnia Herzegowina
workers need to prove qualifications, no work permits for low-skilled anymore
work permits again issued to low skilled workers
longer validity of work permits for high skilled
no proof of qualification for investors and business people
stricter criteria for temporary residence
family reunfication for refugees extended
new institution to deal with migration and naturalisation - not created yet
2007 enlargement temporary restriction raised
no work permit required for Kazakh citizens
russian language test for certain low skilled workers
cooperation agreement to fight illegal labour migration
Those transiting, originating from or enterin Belarus or Kazakhstan
enlarged resettlement programme for compatriotes
free legal representation for asylum seekers
more coordination to implement new migration policy
study india programme created for diaspora youth
requirements for renewal of travel visa cancelled
liberal draft migration bill under discussion
discussions about attracting high skilled
new work visa  for those who will come to work for major sporting events
slightly less restrictive criteria for granting first work permit
slightly more restrictive criteria for renewal of work permit
report on citizenship advocates no major changes
permanent residency granted to all syrian refugees
2007 enlargement free access to UK labour market
life in the UK test extended to all immigrants
new law overhauls existing migration law
Creation of General Directorate of Migration
alevits recognized as religious community
boat migrants cannot apply for asylum anymore
eased access to citizenship for second generation born in Italy
ad hoc resettlement programme for syrians
Those transiting through or originating from Moldova
tightening of naturalisation requirements: creation of language test and longer residency requirement
biometric data on residence permits of third country nationals
changes in the civic examination for foreigners
quicker procedure for sponsors of high skilled migrants
reforms the detention system for irregular migrants
scholarship programme for international students
lower minimum remuneration needed for skilled workers
eased work permit application for those already in the country
further discussion on citizenship reform, restrictive stance
senate passed immigration bill, now waiting for house of representatives
Working holiday maker agreement with Japan
longer validity of service provider permits
permanent migrants and protected people enjoy same employment rights as nationals
change in list of safe countries of origin
beneficiaries of international protection can apply for permanent residency
stricter rules on rejecting on the ground of internal asylum
shorter limitation of work possibilities for third country workers
conference on border control in sahel and maghreb
CNDH report calling for radical change in migration policy
royal initiative to reform migration and asylum policy
migration affairs given to ministry for moroccans abroad
retrospective assessment of asylum applications
fewer circumstances for detention of asylum seekers
better social and economic rights for refugees
better access to justice for asylum seekers
Second Plan for Immigration Policy (2013-2017)
temporary residence permit holders now allowed to work
eased citizenship procedure for those arriving under the voluntary resettlement programme
prohibition to grant citizenship to those expelled
prohibition to grant work permit to those expelled
international students will now be allowed to work during studies
stricter registration rules for foreigners
law to enforce language test for entry to all migrants failed
re-entry ban for expelled irregular migrants introduced
possibility to restrict freedom of movement of foreigners
biometric data from new migrants required
citizens have to report irregular migrants
catalogue of prohibited, restricted and encouraged occupations
work residence permits have now shorter validity
non-work residence permits vality remains the same
comprehensive migration policy action plan
eased visa rules for Bangladeshi business people
major developments on voting rights for diaspora
labour market restrictions for RO and BG removed
new concepts introduced in asylum procedure
creation of subsidiary protection  status for european refugees
creation of temporary protection  status
creation of comprehensive detention mechanism with judicial guarantees
Creation of a Federal Office for Asylum and Migration
EU 2007 enlargement free labour market access
2007 enlargement end of transitional restrictions
limitation on stay for visa-free countries
re-entry ban for previous overstayers from visa-free countries
slightly stricter rules for family reunification